A Comparative Analysis of Globalness in Health and Human Services: The United States and Taiwan
Article Number: N107 | Issue: | Pages: 0

Abstract: Economic globalization combined with massive human migrations has drastically transformed the landscape of health and human services. This article proposes a conceptual framework for encapsulating awareness, attitudes, and actions toward this new and evolving global reality. It is argued that the globalness in health and human services should and can be further codified by building on this initial framework.

A Comparison of Microcredit and Individual Development Accounts: Implications for China
Article Number: C005 | Issue: 273 | Pages: 0

Abstract: Microcredit and Individual Development Accounts (IDAs) are two models of asset-based policies. Although they derive from two different contexts (one from a developing country, the other from a developed country), they share much in common. Their similarities reflect the idea that modern social assistance promotes a developmental approach. The differences between the two models can be used as a reference for other countries trying to choose an appropriate approach to social assistance. As long as the model fits the culture of a country and impacts the target population, it is a feasible and effective approach for social assistance.

A Critical Appraisal of the South African Social Security System: Does It Meet the Needs of the Vulnerable and Poor?
Article Number: N088 | Issue: | Pages: 17

Abstract: This paper provides critically appraises the social security system in South Africa. The central argument is that even though the Constitution of South Africa and the Bill of Rights and White Paper on Social Welfare (1997), stipulate that access to social security is a basic human right; however, within the current neo-liberal macro-economic framework of Gear, access to social grants remains fragmented and beyond the reach of the vast majority of children and the vulnerably poor.

A New Start: Inclusion of Marginalized Juvenile Delinquents
Article Number: B48 | Issue: | Pages: 24

Abstract: No Abstract. First Paragraph of Intro: Internationally and especially in the Western world crime prevention measures used in connection with children and teens have always received political attention. In Denmark the Danish Crime Pre-vention Council has for many years been the instigator of many successful programs (Counsil, 2002). It has been characteristic, however, that these projects have been carried out without follow-up research or scientific assessment to ascertain their actual effect. Especially in the United States there has been great interest in carrying out true outcome research in connection with crime preven-tion projects in order to determine what works and what does not.

A PREVENTION STRATEGY TO THE UNEASINESS OF THE SEXUAL VIOLENCE IN SCHOOLS
Article Number: B78 | Issue: | Pages: 11

Abstract: This work results from a first analysis of performance the "Sentinela" Program near the schools of fundamental teaching in Campina Grande city-PB. It is based on the study of sexual violence suffered by children and adolescents and as this problem can be approached at school in a prevention perspective, with the theater of puppets, ludico instrument which helps the dialogue.

A proactive solution to the drug problem in Egypt: An evaluation of a drug training program
Article Number: M-45 | Issue: 261 | Pages: 17

Abstract:

A structural analysis of determinants of corruption in less developed countries: a cross-national comparison
Article Number: N044 | Issue: 292 | Pages: 29

Abstract: Using structural equation models, this analysis investigates several important determinants of cross-national variation in levels of corruption for less developed countries. The findings highlight the positive effects of indicators linked to democracy-- political rights, civil liberties, press and economic freedom, women’s status, state strength, and foreign direct investment on control of corruption at the country level.

Actors, Institutions, Multiple Streams and Cultural Policy Reform: The Case of the Sofia City Fund for Culture
Article Number: N080 | Issue: 302 | Pages: 22

Abstract: The idea of the establishment of cultural funds at municipalities is not a novel discovery in Bulgaria. Decentralization of the responsibility for cultural funding and operation has entered the rhetoric of successive governments since the mid-nineties.

Africanization of Famine: An explanation from development perspective
Article Number: N068 | Issue: | Pages: 24

Abstract: Unlike in China, India, and Bangladesh, famine in Sub-Saharan Africa remains a threatening "unsolved" problem. Why, then, does famine continue to occur almost exclusively in Sub-Saharan Africa? Unlike classical approaches like natural disaster, war, and overpopulation, I argue that famine, the most extreme manifestation of poverty, has become Africanized because of a failure of developing food availability and food affordability. SUBMISSION

Aging and elder care in China: The case of Guangzhou
Article Number: N032 | Issue: 281 | Pages: 18

Abstract: The People’s Republic of China’s population is aging at a time when socialist cooperative provision and state social welfare are being swiftly and thoroughly reduced and revamped. Increasing such provisions are being supported by private enterprises and institutions. As the state continues to withdraw in the provision of such services, the Chinese family is being encouraged to shoulder the bulk of the elderly care responsibility. However, this task may be daunting as family size decreases and family being disrupted due to migration. This paper discusses some urban responses to the challenges of elderly care provision, drawing on the example of Guangzhou in Southern China. It is clear that in this southern city there is a network of care facilities, public and private, emerging to care for its aging population. Despite this, there are concerns that many, in particular elderly women, the poor and childless, will be left out of the caring network.

Aging in Singapore: Towards a national framework for elderly care
Article Number: N005/M22 | Issue: 272 | Pages: 21

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Agro-forestry in the Mampong Valley: An assessment of project strategy and outcomes
Article Number: M-40 | Issue: 261 | Pages: 32

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An Asset Based Approach to Poverty Reduction
Article Number: C010 | Issue: 282 | Pages: 0

Abstract: The article provides a description of the sustainable livelihoods framework for understanding and analyzing the multidimensional nature of poverty. This framework focuses on the household level and the diverse mix of assets that poor households require to escape poverty. It views the poor as strategic managers of their limited asset base and underscores the important role that risk management plays in the response of poor households to new economic opportunities.

An Essay on Child Protection, Hope, and Realism
Article Number: CP08 | Issue: 293 | Pages: 0

Abstract: The main thesis of this essay is that the decision whether to allow a child at-risk and his/her kin the benefit of the doubt as to their prospective functioning may be covertly value laden, and that the decision makers may be wrongly portrayed as critically skeptical and realistic. The essay explores the implications of a willingness to entrust oneself, even momentarily, to the hopes of children at risk and their kin.

An Independent Ukraine - Communities, Politics, and Sustainable or Unsustainable Development?
Article Number: N108 | Issue: | Pages: 0

Abstract: An analysis of the dynamics of socio-economic transformation in independent Ukraine and the development of solutions to contemporary problems.

An International Comparison of Hospital Multidisciplinary Teams for the Identification, Assessment and Treatment of Child Abuse Cases
Article Number: B74 | Issue: | Pages: 20

Abstract: The well-being of a child who has experienced abuse or neglect is dependent on whether or not a multidisciplinary, holistic treatment perspective is applied in hospital settings. This paper examines the different multidisciplinary approaches used by two major hospitals, one in the United States and the other in Brazil, in their attempt to confront the social problem of child maltreatment. Received: Harr 6/2/05, Fairchild 6/9/05, Souza 6/28/05

Art and Citizenship in the Speech of the Non-Profit Sector in Brazil: A discussion of art and citizenship within the Brazilian "third sector"
Article Number: B24 | Issue: | Pages: 15

Abstract: Artistic expressions are the focus of programs and social projects of the “third sector” in Brazil. These configure themselves with important strategies in the discourse of access to citizenship. This work discusses the meaning of this discourse in Brazilian society in the areas of its character and its mediation, this in a country of obvious social inequality which has marked its history.

Asset Building among African American Women: IDA Program Findings
Article Number: N050 | Issue: 291 | Pages: 21

Abstract: Despite economic hardships, low-income women can build wealth. This study explored the asset building experiences of Individual Development Account program participants in North Carolina, United States. Semi-structured, open-ended interviews were conducted with nine low-income African American women. Content analyses were performed and findings indicate that future orientation may play a mediating role between IDA savings and housing capital. Future anti-poverty initiatives that include asset-based programs are suggested to help low-income women with long-term asset development.

Asset Building and Its Determinants: Lessons from Social Security Reform in China and Hong Kong
Article Number: C013 | Issue: 282 | Pages: 0

Abstract: This article looks at the determinants of asset-based programs as revealed in the social security reforms of China and Hong Kong. China’s new pension system allows for asset development and fosters productivistic welfare but the new medical insurance program poses challenges. Likewise, Hong Kong's Mandatory Provident Fund is a political compromise, and the government has failed to change the current medical system. The article examines factors affecting social security reform. The author argues that the social security programs should be made more development- and asset-based.

Asset-Based Policy in the United Kingdom
Article Number: C011 | Issue: 282 | Pages: 0

Abstract: Asset-based policies in the United Kingdom have advanced quickly in recent years. This article outlines the main arguments in the UK debate and places this debate in a wider context. It describes the two most high profile asset-based policies: the Child Trust Fund, a seeded savings account for all children; and the Saving Gateway, a matched savings scheme for working-age adults. Key questions and tensions are outlined.

Assets of the Chinese Urban Poor and Its Implications for Social Policy
Article Number: C007 | Issue: 273 | Pages: 0

Abstract: This article is based on a large-scale survey of the assets, income, and housing of the urban poor (N = 803) in the city of Jinan, Shandong province. The survey shows that (1) although the Minimum Standard of Living (MSL) for urban dwellers has played an important role in securing people’s basic needs, many poor families still have difficulty making ends meet; (2) most poor families own few assets other than housing; and (3) there are large differences in asset ownership and housing among the urban poor. The following recommendations are offered to help the poor meet their basic needs and accumulate assets for poverty alleviation: (1) MSL aid should be moderately increased; (2) income should not be the only eligibility criterion for MSL aid; and (3) a social welfare system based on asset building should be established to help the poor accumulate assets.

Authoritanianism x democracy: The influence of leaderships of social development
Article Number: B20 | Issue: | Pages: 12

Abstract: This study aims at the identification of a leadership style, and its influence on major and minor participation of outskirts inhabitants. This research encompassed governmental, non-governmental, cultural, community, and religious leadership organizations from Planalto Serrano, Serra, ES. The results indicate that there are democratic leadership styles (decisions are made in meaningful meetings) and authoritarian leaderships styles (see inhabitants as incapable of making decision). 2443 words

Basic Paradigms of Chinese Poverty Alleviation
Article Number: C002 | Issue: 273 | Pages: 0

Abstract: How to help the poor escape poverty is the main concern of social policy worldwide. The article discusses two basic paradigms of Chinese poverty alleviation strategies: ethical asset building and poverty reduction without stigma. The article analyzes Chinese poverty alleviation strategies that are based on traditional social and cultural values such as self-reliance, hard work, mutual help, and collectivism. The article also highlights how the Chinese government has changed from being a passive last resort to an active planner, organizer, and service provider. The author argues that in order to establish an effective social welfare system, the government must continue to play an active role in poverty alleviation efforts and provide more social services to the poor.

Between the Local and the Global: reflections concerning the ambiguities of a transitional context
Article Number: B4N053 | Issue: | Pages: 18

Abstract: This study refers to the insertions of the globalization phenomenon in the social expressions of the identity concept and intends to present subsidies to the discussion of contemporary social problems unleashed in the globalization context and that is characterized by the ambiguity between the local and the global.

Beyond indigenization and reconceptualization: Towards a global, multidirectional model of technology transfer
Article Number: N020 | Issue: | Pages: 23

Abstract: In light of the limitations of existing models of social work exchange, an alternative multidirectional model of technology transfer is presented. Based on social development principles, this model would be effective in depicting the global dissemination of initiatives originating in developing countries that are successfully applied within the developed world.

Biodiesel - A Vehicle for Sustainable Rural Development
Article Number: B40 | Issue: | Pages: 16

Abstract: Biodiesel derived from a variety of oilseeds has tremendous potential for promoting rural development. Current progress, however, has focused more on technology and economics while paying inadequate attention to people issues. As this field is still nascent, it is appropriate now to help shape and influence public development policies and programs to have a strong people -orientation cognizant of their needs and aspirations.

Black People and Mental Health in Britain: Social exclusion and a strategy for inclusion
Article Number: B22 | Issue: 283 | Pages: 30

Abstract: The article challenges the medically dominated mental health orthodoxy in Britain. It advocates a community development approach, underpinning anti-racist, empowering policy and practice. The article raises important issues for those working to facilitate welfare and address the human misery caused by racism in society.

Brazilian Technical Cooperation in Education for East Timor: An Analysis of the Results of the 'Alfabetização Comunitária' Project
Article Number: B64 | Issue: | Pages: 21

Abstract: Technical Cooperation among Developing Countries (CTPD) has become an important instrument utilized by the Brazilian government to launch the country into the international scene and to promote social and economic development in several countries and sectors. Moreover, Brazil has become worldwide recognized for the excellence of her social projects in areas such as public health and education. East Timor is one of the countries that benefited from Brazilian international technical cooperation in several sectors. East Timor struggled (and still struggles) to have her sovereignty recognized, to rebuild the nation and to reintroduce symbols of the Timorese resistance against the Indonesian forces, such as the Portuguese language and culture. In that context, Brazil played a crucial role in providing assistance for the purpose of rebuilding the nation, specially through the implementation of projects in education. Brazilian Program “Alfabetização Solidária” (Solidary Adult Education), through its excellent and widely recognized experience and results in Brazil, was the inspiration for the design of an adult education project - named "Alfabetização Comunitária" (Community Based Education) - that eventually supported the restructuring of the Timorese educational sector by stimulating adult education from the year 2000 to the year 2002. This study has, as for the main objective, to verify the role that the project "Alfabetização Comunitária" played for the reestructuring of the educational sector in that country. It is concluded that the project helped to strengthen the Timorese education and, most of all, her society, and that the utilization of well-structured projects for social development hold potential for promoting significant results crucial for the process of rebuilding a nation.

Breaking the Silence: Unveiling Sexuality in Old People
Article Number: B15N066 | Issue: | Pages: 18

Abstract: The objective is describing how senior people live their sexuality and the factors that can be intervening. The individuals were seniors from the city of Palmas, PR. The information was obtained through survey and a focal group. The primordial factors that appeared in the research as influential in senior people's sexuality were: family, religion and the group relations.

Building Public Assets in Chinese Communities
Article Number: C008 | Issue: 273 | Pages: 0

Abstract: Public assets in communities refer to all the tangible assets needed by community-based social service organizations to provide services to community residents. The goal of public assets is to deliver public goods for social welfare and social redistribution. The article uses survey data from community service centers in Jinan City in the Shandong Province of China to show if and how community service centers can be considered public assets in the communities they serve. Accumulating and managing public assets in communities should be a central focus of Chinese social development.

Building Transnational Grassroots Business Cooperatives for Overcoming Poverty
Article Number: TC01 | Issue: | Pages: 0

Abstract: National and international governmental efforts billed as helping to overcome world poverty have been exposed as exacerbating the impoverished but serving large business and elite native groups. In response a model is suggested for transnational cooperatives to circumvent misdirected government and international agency programs. The model is set up to truly benefit those presently impoverished.

Business owners and social development: Exploring their communitarian and network social capital
Article Number: M-54 | Issue: 2623 | Pages: 0

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Canadian social policy and the diminishing social welfare state: Rethinking the distributive paradigm
Article Number: N002 | Issue: | Pages: 27

Abstract: In this paper, I undertake a critical review of the prevailing market-driven distributive paradigm that underpins social welfare policy-making in Canada. My intent is to raise questions in a thoughtful and provocative way among a new generation of social work students, human service practitioners, and social policy analysts and scholars—those who will help shape the humanity and quality of Canadian society in the coming millennium. New themes of "community" and "wellness" are introduced as key theoretical constructs of a "social wellness" paradigm that is quickly emerging as an alternative to the dated and ineffective "social welfare" distributive model.

Challenges in assessing needs (Sovenian case)
Article Number: B5N054 | Issue: 283 | Pages: 19

Abstract: Accountable service planning requires information about potential users. Needs assessment is a tool that can be used to provide such information. This article describes some challenges in assessing the needs of social service users in Prizma Ponikve, a public institution for mentally and physically challenged adults in Slovenia. The majority of users expressed needs of improved relations and of activities inside institution. The findings were the basis for development of individual plan of activities.

Challenges to governance in India and its impact on social development
Article Number: N003 | Issue: | Pages: 26

Abstract: This paper provides the conceptual framework of the terms social development, governance, good governance and goes on highlight the challenges for governance. The impact of these challenges on social development and ways to manage these challenges to facilitate social development have also been discussed. This paper is set in the Indian context.

Characteristics of Effective Leaders in Democratic Pluralistic Societies
Article Number: N012 | Issue: | Pages: 26

Abstract: The world is at critical juncture in history and the decisions made today will mark a new beginning. As nation-states face challenges in social development from both external and internal forces; the voices of the oppressed for their rightful share of resources and power continue to be marginalized. Since the presenters hail from three different nations, case studies of the US, India, and Canada are used to illustrate the situations an event that portray characteristics of effective leaders.

Child Headed Households in Mozambique: Towards needs-based policy and practice
Article Number: N069/CP02 | Issue: 293 | Pages: 23

Abstract: In this study, the conditions of children living in Child Headed Households (CHHs) are examined including access to food, education, housing, abuse and social stigma. One hundred and eleven interviews were conducted with heads of households in the Sofala province of Mozambique. Based on the results, the authors suggest implications for policy and program development as well as further research.

Chinese Policies on Social Assistance in Rural Areas
Article Number: C003 | Issue: 273 | Pages: 0

Abstract: This article categorizes the types of social assistance in rural China and explores the possibility of building assets within the rural social welfare system. The authors recommend that both economic and social resources be taken into consideration to develop a rural social assistance framework.

Chinese Private Entrepreneurs between Bureaucratic and Market Coordination: A Crucial Test of the Market Transition Theory at the Eve of the 15th Party Congress
Article Number: N057 | Issue: | Pages: 24

Abstract: The Chinese economy has begun to transit from a command economy into a market economy since 1978. Start with the 15th Party Congress, reform in the state owned enterprises has launched a new wave of changes in Chinese private entrepreneurship. However, academics still lack of a theorization of market transition period. The theory of market transition, as pioneered by Victor Nee, attempts to delineate how the emerging market coordination replaces the old bureaucratic coordination. As a result, the political factors will decline in their importance in determining economic transactions. Human capital and other economic consideration will become more and more prominent as marketization process deepens. However, the state-centric theorists dispute that government officials will continue their influence because bureaucratic coordination is still somehow integrated to the emerging economic system. This original research examines both theoretical perspectives through studying private entrepreneurs in a highly marketized city, Guangzhou. Our data shows that education and loose political network explain entrepreneurial success. The result partially supports both perspectives. Neither perspective satisfactorily explains our data. It is suggested that in 1990s we were wrong to presuppose the Chinese economy going to be completely marketized. A better approach is to examine how bureaucratic and market coordination systems are twisted together in forming a socio-political context for economic transactions.

Citizen Company: Performance of the INFAERO Socail Responsibility Projects
Article Number: B8N059 | Issue: | Pages: 6

Abstract: INFRAERO is a socially engaged company that deals with some social programs, projects and campaigns which aims to face local social inequalities. This paper draws an effort divulging the main actors of the company in the external social responsibility area.

Common Economic Cycles of the Three Largest Economies of the Brazilian Northeast States: Bahia, Ceara and Pernambuco
Article Number: B36 | Issue: 283 | Pages: 21

Abstract: This article examines whether the Gross State Product (GSP) of the Brazilian states of Bahia, Ceará, and Pernambuco are cointegrated during the period 1970 to 2000. It estimates the relationship of the short and long runs using the vector error correction method. The results show that the economies of Bahia and Ceará complement each other, while the economies of Ceará and Pernambuco are competitive. These results show the importance of considering the effects that development policies of a particular state can have on other states in the region.

Community and Adolescence in Four Societies
Article Number: N019 | Issue: 271 | Pages: 30

Abstract: This study disputes the assumption that adolescence is a universal life stage as described by Erikson (1963, 1982, 1997). Data were collected from about twelve communities in four countries: the United States, India, New Zealand, and Romania. The findings suggest that there is a hierarchy of communities and societies in every country, and that adolescence is socially constructed in each of these local settings.

Conceptual and Practical Difficulties in Doing Research in Developing Countries: Some Notes for Consideration
Article Number: N094 | Issue: | Pages: 0

Abstract: Doing social science research in developing countries is always a difficult and challenging task for the researchers in this field. In those countries, researchers have to face various practical realities in conducting their research work. Selection of the topic, relevance of concepts, operationalization of different variables, designing questionnaire, making initial contact and gaining access, data collection, access to documents/information sources etc. are some of the challenging parts for a researcher. For that cause different strategies are needed to take to solve those problems. Only an efficient and experienced researcher can handle those problems tactfully.

Consequences and Impact of Childhood Sexual Abuse on Taiwanese Women
Article Number: CP04 | Issue: 293 | Pages: 0

Abstract: Human beings undergo a constant process of constructing meanings, and this process may influence the impact of experiences such as childhood sexual abuse (CSA). This study was designed to examine the ways that Taiwanese female participants perceived their experiences of CSA. Eleven participants were interviewed using a life history approach. Two findings emerged— consequences of CSA and the impact of CSA on current lives. These themes are discussed and the limitations and implications of the findings are addressed.

Constraints and opportunities for social development and private sector co-operation: The case of resource extraction projects
Article Number: M-30 | Issue: 261 | Pages: 22

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Contexts of Control: Modern Slavery in the U.S.
Article Number: N101 | Issue: | Pages: 0

Abstract: This paper asks what contexts make it possible to control individuals in modern slavery. By reviewing concepts in the modern slavery literature relevant to context, we propose four new constructs and a new model for analyzing how social and economic factors facilitate control of slaves in the U.S. We validate this model on eleven U.S. slavery cases and discuss implications and promising uses of the model.

Contribution of traditional healers in care giving with reference to Kanye Community Home Based Care Programme (CHBC), Botswana.
Article Number: N112 | Issue: | Pages: 0

Abstract: The research was qualitative in design and exploratory in nature and explored traditional healers’ contribution in the Kanye Community Home Based Care (CHBC) programme. The study findings revealed that although some clients had confidence with the traditional healers and their services, caregivers’ confidence with them was waning due to extensive and detrimental campaign fronted by the biomedical practitioners.

Creative Approaches for International Social Work Practice: Using theatre and dialogue
Article Number: B80 | Issue: | Pages: 17

Abstract: Social work is in the unique position to reach deeply into people’s lives, engaging in social development activities that offer great healing, personal growth, and transformation. This paper discusses the use of dialogue and theatre when working in multinational, multicultural, international settings. These approaches open up opportunities for participants to explore and exchange ideas and insights on a range of issues as broad as social and cultural change, oppression, discrimination, and marginalization.

Creative Approaches to Preparing Professionals for International Social Development
Article Number: B67 | Issue: | Pages: 17

Abstract: Current social work approaches and curriculum are limited for educating international social development professionals. Relevant literature is reviewed, needed skills in international development are identified and appropriate curriculum for preparing professionals for international development are discussed. Related issues such as the feasibility of educating professionals in developed countries for service in the developing world and whether social work is the only or best profession for preparing individuals for international work is presented. Contrib Agreements: Rodgers 7/11, Morrison J 7/15, MorrisonJudith 1/23/06. Moved to general submission when contributing author forms could not be gathered in time for peer-review.

Credit and Financial Services in America’s Fringe Economy
Article Number: N029 | Issue: 272 | Pages: 27

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Cultural pluralism--a way towards peaceful co-existence
Article Number: N016 | Issue: | Pages: 16

Abstract: Indian civilization is unique in nature in respect of its continuity and heterogeneity. Different communities living together present a picture of unity in diversity. The process of adaptation and interaction has been undergoing from time immemorial. There has had been instances of cultural conflicts too. Indian Constitution has been designed to accept and promote cultural pluralism but legislative measures alone are not enough. Inculcating values and social responsibilities among the people is the need of the hour. People from all walks of life have to come together to promote cultural pluralism, as that is the only hope towards a peaceful co-existence of different communities.

Cultural Transplantation and Cultural Creation: Historical Study on the Formation and Development of Medical Social Work of Peking Union Medical College
Article Number: N082 | Issue: | Pages: 16

Abstract: Missionary medical service is both an important issue of classical fundamental theory and a neglected topic for discussion of theoretical policy. The history of formation and development of Peking Union Medical College is a miniature of Christian higher education in modern China and a best case of religious cultural communication. For a long time, the discuss on the model of Christian colleges’ indigenization at home and abroad mainly focuses on some superficial phenomena, such as identity of presidents, teaching contents, role of religious education, resources of expenditure of running colleges and modes of managing the colleges and so on. Therefore comes into being a tradition of “formal indigenization mode”. Taking the historical changes of formation and development of old and new Peking Union Medical College as the background, the formation, development and historical changes of its social service, especially the communication, cooperation, clash and relation reconstruction of medical health culture as a clue, the paper deeply explores the mode of Christian college’s indigenization. The present author supposes that the modes of Chinese Christian college’s indigenization can be divided into three categories, the lowest level, indigenization of personnel, property, goods and materials, equipment; the middle level, indigenization of administrative management, rules and regulations and running mechanism; the highest level, indigenization of cultural transplantation and cultural creation. The new Peking Union Medical College that reopened in 1921 lightened its religious color of Christian college, paid more attention to responding to Chinese social needs, spreading advanced medical health culture, laying equal stress on medical teaching, clinical service and scientific researches. As a result, “responsive” mode of medical teaching was built, large numbers of excellent persons were trained, a unique PUMC mode and culture was developed and Chinese and Western cultural communication and cultural transplantation were realized. The paper concludes that the key problem that Christian colleges met with was cultural transplantation, while the cultural transplantation had different modes. The best mode of Christian colleges’ cultural transplantation is to respond to local social needs and create new culture in the process. Cultural building and cultural graft is the best way of cultural transplantation. The mode of PUMC’s cultural transplantation is worth deep study.

Deinstitutionalization: re-entering mental health patients into their families and into the community
Article Number: B37 | Issue: | Pages: 9

Abstract: This study presents a re-integration project carried out with mental health patients in Recife, Northeast Brazil. The deinstitutionalization program targeted patients with long psychiatric hospital stays. Recife has 2.475 hospital beds, of which 1.386 are in 07 psychiatric hospitals. At least 477 beds are occupied by seriously mentally ill patients, living for one or more years in psychiatric hospitals. Most patients are from the poor classes and are living in the hospital because their families have socioeconomic difficulties to care for a mentally ill relative. The Recife Health Department developed a project to re-integrate them according to their needs: patients who have lost contact with their families are re-entering the community sharing a house with others patients, Therapeutic Residence Program; and those patients who still have family support are allocated to the Re-entering Home Program, which provides psychosocial assistance to the families. In both programs, patients after living the psychiatric hospital should be provided with economic support and clinical, rehabilitative and social services. Improved clinical condition and overall quality of life have been observed among patients that left psychiatric hospitals and are living in therapeutic residences and among those that were re-entered into their families.

Democratic Models and Social Development
Article Number: B57 | Issue: 283 | Pages: 29

Abstract: We praise democracy as the most suitable political context within which to accomplish social development. Therefore, this article has two objectives. First, we delineate the concepts of social development, democracy, and the majoritarian and pluralist models of democracy. Second, we explore the relationships between the accomplishment of social development and these two democratic models. We address these objectives by a comprehensive literature review and conclude that the pluralist model is more accommodating to social development.

Digital and Social Inclusion: Porto Digital Experience
Article Number: B21 | Issue: | Pages: 28

Abstract: This is an analysis of the experiences of the Social Responsibility Program of the Management Nucleus of the Porto Digital (NNPD), according to the view of some of the stakeholders. It is emphasized that the proposal carried out by this organization, operating in the business of information technology, is one of social and digital inclusion within the extremely underprivileged areas of the city of Recife, Pernambuco.

Do Benefits of Debt Relief Reach Vulnerable Individuals and Households in Heavily Indebted Poor Countries?
Article Number: N109 | Issue: | Pages: 0

Abstract: This paper examines whether debt-reduction strategies, as currently implemented, are a viable mechanism for poverty reduction and empowerment of Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) and their citizens. We propose an alternative framework utilizing a Poverty Action Fund, engaging stakeholders in both creditor and debtor nations. We argue that this strategy has great potential to promote the welfare of the most vulnerable people in HIPCs.

Documenting social development paradoxes in Guatemala through the research poem
Article Number: N036 | Issue: | Pages: 21

Abstract: This exploratory, qualitative study investigates the perceptions of Guatemalans regarding the impact of tourism and migration in Antigua, Guatemala. The vehicle of data presentation is the research poem, a new and valuable innovation within qualitative research. The research poems presented were derived from twenty-two interviews with owners and directors of language schools and the Maya of Antigua. The sociohistorical factors that present a context to the data are also presented.

Does Education Reduce Wage Inequality?: The quantile regression evidence in Brazil during the period 1992-2002
Article Number: B38 | Issue: | Pages: 19

Abstract: This paper undertakes an empirical examination of the rates of return on human capital in Brazil through the period of macroeconomic stabilization and trade liberalization (1992-2002). An appropriate empirical strategy is to fit the earnings model across different points in the conditional sample distribution using the quantile regression. Counterfactual analysis is also considered to show the changes in both the actual and conditional distributions. The results demonstrate that there is evidence for the growing inequality in the rates of return on education in Brazil.

Economic exclusion and social isolation: The social impact of unemployment on urban workers and their families in China
Article Number: M-49 | Issue: 261 | Pages: 23

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Effective Use of Civil Society in Cyclone Preparedness Program Saves Lives and Properties in Coastal Bangladesh
Article Number: D4 | Issue: | Pages: 17

Abstract: This paper will share the ideas and efforts to tell the story of the inner strengths of civil society members as ‘volunteers’ in saving lives and properties before, during, and after natural disaster. The paper is based on an empirical research that employed case study method to understand how Cyclone Preparedness Program (CPP) uses civil society as a strategy to help reduce damages resulting from natural disasters in the coastal Bangladesh. 2nd req to Hollister due 3/17/06. Rejected with request for substantial revision 5/22/06

Emerging Perspectives on Social Development
Article Number: B49 | Issue: | Pages: 23

Abstract: The concept of social development is broad: it encompasses, among others, welfare, community development and socio-ecological development. Its core elements are equity, social justice, participation, sustainability and peace. As a goal, condition and process, it calls for renewal, restructuration, enhanced responsivity and functioning of institutions of society based on humanistic values.

Empowerment and Social Change: The Rural Women Struggle at the Dry Farming Lands in the Semi-Arid Pernambuco-Brazil
Article Number: B14N065 | Issue: | Pages: 16

Abstract: This study, analyses the struggle of the rural women workers, for changes relating gender in the arid region of Pernambuco, Northeast of Brazil. It is an ethnographic orientation research in social psychology. The results indicate that despite the collective movement and the conquest of rights in various ambits, the family and the community resist the empowerment of the rural area women.

Empowerment, Engagement, and Economic Freedom - Women's Self-Help Groups (SHGs) in South India
Article Number: N097 | Issue: | Pages: 0

Abstract: The last few decades have witnessed dramatic changes in India in areas ranging from the indices of economic growth to the processes relating to women’s empowerment. One of the tools for some of these major changes, especially in the lives of the poor and rural women, has been the Women’s Self Help Group (SHG) movement. This initiative of both NGO’s and the government involves the formation of small groups of marginalized women, both urban and rural, with 15-20 members per group. The focus of the group is economic improvement through income-generation, micro-credit and micro-finance. However, the cascading effect that these groups have had on the lives of the poor women has spread beyond the confines of finance. It has had social, psychological and cultural implications. This paper looks at some of these intended and unintended changes that have occurred though formation, participation and propagation of this SHG movement among the poor women of India.

Enhancing Volunteer Retention in Community Development in Singapore
Article Number: N031 | Issue: 281 | Pages: 0

Abstract: This article examines the issue of volunteer retention in a community setting in Singapore. Demographic variables, attitudes towards organization and motivations to volunteer were the factors examined. The need for affiliation, the information and knowledge available and friends’ support have been found to be predictors of retention. Findings emphasized the importance of social support and volunteer management in volunteer retention. Various suggestions to improve retention of volunteers have been proposed.

Environmental Education and Citizenship as Tools for Management of Municipal Wastes in Northeast of Brazil
Article Number: B2N051 | Issue: | Pages: 16

Abstract: Environmental education and citizenship under holistic as a tool for sorting out or minimizing environmental problems were worked with the local communities of seven cities in countryside of Pernambuco. The informations were presented for the communities (100 participants in each city), using booklets, dynamic activities and Environmental Education Meeting for discussing the municipal problems organizing a strategic plan with community and municipal authorities. Edits requested on May 3, 2005. Edited manuscript received 10/26/05.

Escape from the Ivory Tower
Article Number: B46 | Issue: | Pages: 25

Abstract: University College Dublin is the largest university in the Republic of Ireland. The Department of Social Policy and Social Work has been working with the community and voluntary sector in the implementation of third level courses in community drugs work. Participation in third level education is unevenly distributed throughout society. For many it is the first opportunity to engage in a formal, accredited learning process. Other Key Words: accreditation, community education, drugs Other Method: partnership, reflection

Examining Democracy in Poland
Article Number: N008 | Issue: 271 | Pages: 26

Abstract: In the last fifteen years, Poland has experienced phases of modernization: democratic pluralism, a market economy, and integration into the European Union. This article examines the public’s views on the democratic change. Opinion polls indicate highly negative sentiments. The democratic process in one of the European Union's poorer countries is criticized for its accompanying increase in inequality.

Examining the Role of Gender in Community Development
Article Number: N073 | Issue: 292 | Pages: 27

Abstract: There has been much debate and speculation within the development literature about the role of gender in the development process. Feminist theorists, particularly during the decade between 1980 and 1990 offered a number of compelling arguments that the development process had traditionally ignored the women's issues and the result created negative impacts on women, their families, and communities in general. Research is presented that examines this tension with findings indicating that in some settings there may be little benefit to targeting specific women's issues.

Extending cash assistance to poor families whose time limits have expired: A comparison of criteria in economically advantages versus disadvantages counties of ohio
Article Number: N041 | Issue: 291 | Pages: 18

Abstract: Abstract: Questions have arisen over whether welfare programs are truly designed to provide the supports that can ultimately lead to self-sufficiency. This study examines Ohio’s criteria for providing continued cash assistance and supportive services to welfare recipients who’ve reached the end of their time limits in counties with contrasting economic conditions. Implications for a successful transition to self-sufficiency are discussed.

External Debt and Economy of Pakistan
Article Number: N104 | Issue: | Pages: 0

Abstract: The paper pindowns the impact of external debt on economy of Pakistan with emphasis on empirical relationship of external debt, growth, investment and exports over the period 1983-2004. Present findings imply that the substantial raise in the stock of external debt put negative effect on investment, positive effect on exports and has no effect on growth.Findings imply that if policy maker wants to increase social welfare, living standards and growth, then it may be necessary to fumish with the poltical, military and social enviroment with compitible enforcement devices with respect to the economy’s targets, choices and preferences. Results propose that external debt has less effect on economy growth of Pakistan which is dominately influenced by political factors, feudalisam and buerocracractic authorties. In nut shell, our findings supports the idea that the setting of external debt by authorties must be disciplined which, in some instances is possibly over ruled by the structural adjustment programmes, which can remove economic distortion, accelerate exports, growth and encourage external debt compliers.

Families Versus Institutions: What is the Evidence?
Article Number: N100 | Issue: | Pages: 0

Abstract: Almost every childcare organization in the world is committed to the belief that to grow up as a healthy, productive and happy person, children need the care of families, be they biological, adoptive, foster or simulated. Consequently, childcare efforts are generally restricted to small family-like groups. In view of the growing numbers of orphans in the world, due to disease, war, and poverty, activities to serve children in large numbers are almost completely absent, with the result that millions of children are denied even a modicum of help. This article deals with the search for empirical proof that the family-care approach is warranted by outcomes.

Family Scholarship Program: Pre-conditions, possibilities and limits to unify the Income Transfer Programs in Brazil
Article Number: B6 | Issue: 283 | Pages: 20

Abstract: The Family Scholarship Program is a strategy to unify income transfer programs in Brazil. The assumption is that monetary transfers can help poor families step out of the vicious cycle of poverty when combined with structural policies such as education, health, and job generation. By December 2005, the program had benefited 8.7 million families with a budget of US$ 3 billion. The program is targeted to reach 11.2 million families by December 2006, which approximately equals the total poor population in Brazil.

Fertility Transition in India
Article Number: N087 | Issue: | Pages: 29

Abstract: The purpose of this study is to investigate the factors affecting fertility in India as informed by the “Demographic Transition Theory.” This theory suggests that improved standard of living, public health programs, educational development, technology and medical advances promote a decline in the level of fertility. Using the data from the National Family Health Survey (NFHS), India: 1998-1999, this study tests the following major hypothesis: The higher the level of socioeconomic development, the lower the fertility rate among the states of India. The findings support the demographic transition theory in large measure, revealing that the overall socioeconomic development (modernization, health, education, and family planning) is inversely related to fertility rates (crude birth rate and total fertility rate) among the states of India.

Food Security of Low Income Families: a study of two non-governmental organizations in Pelotas and Garibaldi
Article Number: B7N058 | Issue: | Pages: 20

Abstract: This work aims to bring up the thematic of Food Security through a study performed in two NGO’s, located in two cities– Pelotas and Garibald/RS. It focuses on knowing how the families, which have under their responsibility the maintenance of children and adolescents, looked after by the NGOs, get organized as to the Food Security of the family group.

From Hoshi to Borantia: Transformations of Volunteering in Japan and Implications for Foreign Policy
Article Number: IV04 | Issue: | Pages: 0

Abstract: This study explores the relationship between state-citizen relations and changing notions of volunteering in Japan. I map the Japan’s state-citizen relations through an analysis of the transformations of volunteering in Japan from “hoshi” (mutual obligation) to “borantia” (borrowed from the English “volunteer”). The paper broadly considers these paradigm shifts in terms of the context of the role International Volunteer Sending Agencies (IVSAs) in Japanese foreign policy.

Future Station Program: In defense of youngsters at risk situation in the streets
Article Number: B54 | Issue: | Pages: 23

Abstract: Future Station Program is an action of Pernambuco State Government, addressed to youngsters of the age group between 16 to 21 years in risky situation on the streets, having as objective to promote a group of actions turned to personal, social and professional development of youngsters. Contrib Agreement: Amorim 6/10/05, Leite 7/5/05

Gender Discrimination and Education in West Africa: Strategies for Maintaining Girls in School
Article Number: N071 | Issue: | Pages: 19

Abstract: Girls’ education lags behind that of boys’ education in West African countries. This paper examines reasons for the persistence of gender gap among schools in Ghana, Nigeria and Togo in West Africa. The reasons include cultural practices such as early marriage, low status of women, poverty, household duties, and gender- insensitive school curricula. Despite to increase enrollment of girls in schools, the problem still exists. The paper examines measures that could improve school attendance for girls. Contrib Agreements: 10/11/05

Gender gap in social protection: Differential access to non-contributory income maintenance in rural India
Article Number: N079 | Issue: 302 | Pages: 27

Abstract: In the developing countries, the newly introduced cash transfer programmes for social protection, though are important rights for the poorest households, access to these programmes are structured on micro-level interactions at household level. This paper, presenting evidence from the Indian state of Maharashtra, argues how access is structured on gender basis to these cash transfer programmes. The paper is focussing on three types of situations where women experience the need of social protection: single-handedly maintaining the household, loss of partner and disability. New due date for Mohan: 4/1/06. Reminder to Mohan: 4/19/06.

Gender, Bureaucracy and Development in Ghana
Article Number: M-39 | Issue: 261 | Pages: 27

Abstract:

Geriatric-End-of-Life Care: Developing a Protocol for a South African Frail Care Centre
Article Number: N117 | Issue: | Pages: 0

Abstract: This paper reports on the first phase of a study on the development of a protocol for geriatric end-of-life care (EOLC) in a South African frail care center. Phase one focuses on the situation- and need analysis. Geriatric EOLC involves various moral and ethical dilemmas necessitating open discussion of the topic. This study aims at supplying guidelines for the development of such a protocol.

Globalization and Gender: Exploring the Effects of Welfare Reform in Puerto Rico
Article Number: B35 | Issue: | Pages: 28

Abstract: This study evaluates the impact of the 1996 Welfare Reform on the lives of poor women and their families in Puerto Rico. The theoretical framework emphasizes links between global economic restructuring, Structural Adjustment Programs and the shrinking of the welfare state in the US and PR. Data was collected from 30 in-depth interviews.

Globalization and Its Effects on Pluralism in Welfare States
Article Number: N006 | Issue: 271 | Pages: 16

Abstract: The article discusses effects of globalization on the development of welfare states, and two dimensions of future development are identified. The first part of the article presents arguments supporting democratic pluralism in welfare states. The second describes three welfare projects in Slovenia that reflect the logic of democratic pluralism.

God, Guns, and Gays: A Jungian Perspective on the Fitness of the United States of America for Global Leadership
Article Number: B51 | Issue: | Pages: 21

Abstract: This article assesses the United States of America’s fitness for global leadership from a Jungian perspective. Methods used by the federal government to further absolutism and the polarization attending inflation are delineated. Measures toward opening a dialogue to bridge the two sides of self, the two sides of the American gulf, and polarities within the global political psyche are explored. Reese: 6/6, Woodruff 6/15 Reviewer Reminders: 11/28/05 and 12/15/05.

Governance, Civil Society and Partnership: A View from the Periphery
Article Number: N014 | Issue: 281 | Pages: 15

Abstract: Governance, civil society and partnership represent critical dimensions of the current development discourse. These terms collectively and generally understood indicate the existence of a homogenous, communicative sphere of society based on dialogue. Field reality, however suggests that this homogeneity is far more imaginary than real. These concepts need to be critically examined in relation to the socio-political economic context that they are being unraveled in and through their operations in the form of specific programmes. The paper addresses this objective, basing itself on field experiences of pro-poor sanitation programmes in Mumbai.

Gram Swaraj in Madhya Pradesh: A step towards democratic pluralism and its challenges
Article Number: N013 | Issue: | Pages: 19

Abstract:

Harm Reduction in Prison
Article Number: B42 | Issue: | Pages: 21

Abstract: This article proceeds from the experience as technician on the Project of Harm Reduction, acomplished at Pernambuco State Female Prison which has as basic principle the right of freedom of choice and appears as a pragmatic and humanitarian alternative for facing, in the penal system, the drugs use problem and the harms from which originated.

Health advice and social control: the need of a profound study of its political dimension
Article Number: B17 | Issue: | Pages: 15

Abstract: This paper focuses on the practice of social control in formulating health policy in Campina Grande, PB. The points discussed in the study focus on the need of a theoretical-critical study on the concept of social control as well as the roles of deliberative councils and those of the councilors. 3668 words

Health Community Council: Enlarged spaces of participative democracy?
Article Number: B31 | Issue: | Pages: 17

Abstract: This communication discusses aspects related to Health Community Councils while potential spaces of social control exercise and of participative democracy. It highlights the councillors qualification experience as a strategy in order to qualify the performance of these individuals, as well as supporting their articulation with the sectional councils.

Health councils as spaces of democracy increasing
Article Number: B18 | Issue: | Pages: 14

Abstract: This research aims to describe the limits and the possibilities of Health Councils And National Plenary of Councils as spaces where the citizens can practice democratical actions. In this case, Health Council and National Plenary of Councils of Health can be considered the most important spaces of organization, mobilization and social control. Moreover, since 1990, they have reinforced all the fights pro health policies.

Heterogeneity in NGOs in health care necessitates democratic pluralism in social development
Article Number: N015 | Issue: | Pages: 32

Abstract: The paper highlights that, in West Bengal, NGOs are found as suitable means in providing preventive, community based and temporary health care facility. Due to plurality, NGOs cannot be used as permanent source of curative health services in the community. Hence, there is a need of integration of services of government, private and NGO sectors in better provisioning of health care.

Human capital and poverty: The effects of education, training, and health on economic status
Article Number: N096 | Issue: | Pages: 0

Abstract: We examine the effects of human capital on economic wellbeing of working age men and women in the United States using the August 1998 data point from the 1996 panel of the Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP). This paper contributes to the body of knowledge by examining the effects of three dimensions of human capital – education, training, and health – on different levels of poverty. Using binomial and multinomial logistic regression analyses, we tested the effects of human capital in the form of education, training, and health status after controlling for other demographic and employment related variables. We find that human capital variables are strong predictors of economic wellbeing and suggest that all three dimensions are reflected comprehensively in the workforce development strategies. We encourage policies that strengthen human capital including opportunities for higher education and quality training of the workforce, and their greater access and utilization of health care services.

Human Capital, Infrastructure, and Financial Development: Reducing Vulnerabilities to Natural Disaster Risk in Sub-Saharan Africa
Article Number: D2 | Issue: | Pages: 32

Abstract: How do greater quality of life and improved structural economic conditions help to minimize the frequency of occurrence and magnitude of natural disasters in Africa? This paper finds that greater human development mitigates disaster risk and consequences from epidemics and droughts in a cross-section of 25 Sub-Saharan African countries. The empirical results imply that Sub-Saharan African countries with extremely low levels of human development face greater risks to sustainable development if effective disaster risk management policies are not integrated into socio-economic framework for development policy. ASKED FOR EXTENSION. Sent reminder 1/3/06. Rejected with request for substantial revision 5/22/06. Revised Draft rejected by David Gillespie 9/22/06.

Human development in Bangladesh: A present scenario and prospects
Article Number: N037 | Issue: | Pages: 15

Abstract: Bangladesh emerged as an independent country on December 16, 1971 with an area of 147570 square k. m. It is one of the most populous and developing country in the World. The total population of our country is 129.25 million and among the total population 94.34 and 28.81 million peoples lives in rural and urban areas respectively (BBS, 2003:ix). It is known to all that people are the real wealth of a nation and considered them as human resource. All the development initiatives depend on people at large. But unemployment rate is 3.7 percent in our country. We should emphasis on the Human Development to achieve the goal of the real development. But all the efforts of Human Development are not emphasized by the development planner, policy maker of our country. The overall development of a country will be absolutely impossible by neglecting the development of human resources. So we want to analyse the conceptual framework, historical perspective and present scenario of Human Development in Bangladesh in this article.

Human rights resolutions in the United Nations General Assembly: The voting record of the United States
Article Number: N028 | Issue: | Pages: 0

Abstract: This article presents a descriptive study of the U.S. voting record on U.N. human rights resolutions during the time period of 1983 to 1998. The voting records are compared with the predominant foreign policy perspectives of the Presidential Administrations issuing the votes (Reagan, Bush, and Clinton). The results indicate substantial differences in support for human rights across the Presidential Administrations.

Human Trafficking-Heaven and Hell in Japan
Article Number: B3N052 | Issue: | Pages: 13

Abstract: This paper firstly illustrates the present situation of the problem by way of statistical analysis and case studies. The paper secondly illustrates recent changes of Japanese Government policy for controlling foreigners of illegal stay and suppressing foreigners’ crime. And the paper finally deals with some problems as to emerging numbers of victims of human trafficking in Japan. Many people tell that Japan is Heaven for those who are engaged in the prostitution business but it is Hell for those who are trapped by them. 3695 words

Impact of Telecentres on Rural Socio-Economic Development: A Case Study of Asante Akim Multipurpose Community Telecentre, Ghana
Article Number: N033 | Issue: | Pages: 23

Abstract: Telecenters are computer technology-based centers that are generally located in rural or marginalized communities with limited resources. This paper reviews the experience of one telecenters in rural Ghana, Asante Akim Multipurpose Community Telecentre (AAMCT), as an example of the effectiveness of telecenters in aiding the development of disenfranchised people. The paper exemplifies how the rural community of Patriensa has been influenced by the activities of the telecenter in core areas such as health care, non-motorized transportation, education, and economics with information technology as one of the major components to achieving their long-term goal of closing the digital divide in rural communities in developing countries. Using a convenient and purposive sample of 100 respondents, the study found that most (76%) district residents had visited the Telecentre at least one time. The most commonly used service is the restaurant (33%), Guest Services (25%), and other services (12%). Overall, 95% of respondents who have used the Telecentre are happy with it. About 49% of the respondents said the Telecentre had a good impact on their lives, 2% mixed, 39% responded no impact, and 10% did not respond. Asked to describe the impact of the Telecentre on Patriensa and surrounding communities, 91% responded good, 4% mixed, 1% none and 4% did not respond. The study makes recommendations for improving the services of the Telecentre to make it more responsive to addressing the needs of the people.

Impact of Urbanization on Fisher-Folk of Mumbai
Article Number: B52 | Issue: | Pages: 25

Abstract: Owing to rapid industrialization, fishing activities and marketing operations of the traditional fisher (koli) community in Mumbai are getting affected. In this paper, we identify the socio-economic issues faced by the kolis and suggest a few ways in which some of these problems could be resolved. Personal interviews, questionnaires and survey work have been utilized as tools to perform this study. Author Agreements: Deshmukh 7/5, Naik 7/5

Impacts of Land Tenure Reforms on the Indigenous Peoples of Kenya
Article Number: B33 | Issue: | Pages: 24

Abstract: Kenya land cover is approximately 590,000km. It is a home of more than 42 indigenous peoples. This paper reviews the impact of land tenure reform policies on the livelihood of the peoples. Finally, it recommends national and international interventions which address reversal of current unsustainable land reform policies for improvement of dignity of the peoples. Reviewer reminders: 1/3/06, 2/13/06 reviewer indicated on 2-16/06 that the review would be sent in by 3/1/06. Review not received.

Implementation of Privatization Policy: Lessons from Bangladesh
Article Number: N113 | Issue: | Pages: 0

Abstract: The study is an attempt to explore and examine different aspects of policy implementation regarding privatization of state-owned enterprise (SOEs) in Bangladesh. For this purpose the study sheds light on the theoretical and conceptual issues of policy implementation, actors and factors that contributed to the initiation and persuasion of privatization policy regarding SOEs in Bangladesh, organizational and procedural arrangements involved in the implementation process, strategic tasks related to Privatization of SOEs, output of policy implementation (implementation result), and major impediments of policy implementation regarding Privatization of SOEs in Bangladesh. This paper also identifies the prospects, problems, and pitfalls of privatization programme in Bangladesh.

Income Distribution and Social Welfare : A Temporal Analysis on Indian Experience
Article Number: N081 | Issue: | Pages: 16

Abstract: The article attempts to examine whether the economic prosperity, India achieved during the two decades in recent past, advances the welfare of the rural people. The concepts of Lorenz dominance, generalized Lorenz dominance and stochastic dominance have been used for this purpose. The study uses grouped household data, provided by National Sample Survey Organization between 1987-88 and 1999-2000. The analysis reveals a systematic well off of the people in rural India over time by dominance criterion.

Indigenous knowledge and its use in response to globalization: Indian experience
Article Number: N018 | Issue: | Pages: 17

Abstract: Indigenous knowledge can play an important role for the development of a country. It is also a suitable means to participate in the process of globalization. Due to lack of proper planning for the utilization of the pluralistic indigenous knowledge India fails to participate fully in the world competition. Hence the present study is an attempt to find out various indigenous knowledge of the indigenous people in India in general and North East India in particular.

Inequalities in accessing community services in china
Article Number: N045 | Issue: | Pages: 24

Abstract: Under the leadership of late Deng Xiaoping, the Chinese planned economy began its transformation into a socialist market economy in the late 1970s. In reforming the economy, the government has had to confront the limitations and constraints posed by the previous Soviet-style system of social service provision. The Chinese authorities have started to work on two avenues of welfare reform: dismantling the workplace-based welfare service delivery system through erecting new social insurance and pension schemes, and strengthening the community-based service delivery systems through introducing market elements. There are a number of studies dealing with the former avenue (White, 1998; Leung, 1995; Leung and Nann, 1996; and Chan, 1992). This paper, however, focuses on the latter—the introduction of market elements into service delivery. The objective of the present study is to examine whether or not the transition to a more market-oriented community delivery system results in inequalities in service reception.

Informal Sector Workers, Gender, and Income Inequality in the Caribbean: The Case of Trinidad and Tobago
Article Number: N055 | Issue: 291 | Pages: 32

Abstract: This article examines the relationship among gender, informal work, and income inequality in the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago and addresses theoretical debates surrounding the contribution of the informal sector to economic development. A multiple (OLS) regression is utilized to determine whether an increase in informally self-employed workers is associated with an increase in income inequality. The analysis demonstrates that the self-created income earning projects of women are at least equivalent to the earnings these women would make in the formal sector.

Innovative faith-based programs serving street-living children around the world: Best practices from Los Angeles, Mumbai and Nairobi
Article Number: N065 | Issue: | Pages: 36

Abstract: This study sought to determine which “faith” elements exist in faith-based organizations (FBOs) for street-living youth in Los Angeles, Mumbai and Nairobi and how programs influence client outcomes. Findings reveal similarities across cities in services, faith program components and client outcomes. Practice recommendations are offered to guide FBOs in designing and improving services based on effectiveness indicators. RECEIVED: Ferguson 6/13/05, Dyrness 6/15/05, Spruijt-Metz 6/15/05, Dabir 6/16/05, Dortzbach 6/27

Institutional Power Dynamics: Sexual Corruption in Media Houses of Uganda
Article Number: IFP02 | Issue: | Pages: 0

Abstract: This paper uses a gender perspective to unravel power dynamics that are not normally considered within the dominant discourse on corruption. With less emphasis on corruption in monetary forms and sex as sexual harassment, this paper demonstrates that corruption can have a sexual dimension and could be used as a means to unethically obtain things including getting an article published.

Institutions and the Official Development Assistance Central American Example
Article Number: N084 | Issue: | Pages: 24

Abstract: The efficiency of the Official Development Assistance (ODA) in fostering development is not satisfactory. This paper analyzes the impact of ODA on GDP growth, conditional on institutional quality improvement of the beneficiary countries by using the example of Central American states.

Integral humanism as a political philosophy in a democratic pluralist society
Article Number: N011 | Issue: | Pages: 16

Abstract:

Integrated Management of Hydro Resources: Tools to ensure urban environmental sustainability
Article Number: B60 | Issue: 283 | Pages: 16

Abstract: Ensuring urban environmental sustainability and achieving effective water conservation are two goals strongly linked to the integration of hydro resources management and urban planning. This involves an approach that takes into consideration the complex network of social, political, economic, ecological, and symbolic relations that constitute the process of producing and managing urban space, articulating urban planning, environmental conservation, and ecological ethics. The objective of this article is to discuss the central aspects of the integrated management of hydro resources that would ensure urban environmental sustainability.

Intentions and Actual Help Seeking Behavior Among Jewish and Arab Youths in Isreal
Article Number: N049 | Issue: | Pages: 33

Abstract: The study examines the intentions and actual levels of help seeking among Jewish and Arab youths in Israel in the face of troubling problems. The sample consisted of 1055 participants, including 814 Jewish and 241 Arab youths. Three instruments were used: a demographic questionnaire, a questionnaire exploring the participants’ intentions to seek advice and help when facing a problem, and a questionnaire exploring 18 problem areas identified as troubling for youths and inquiring whether participants actually sought advice and help for one of those areas in the previous year. Results indicated that the problem areas followed from a mixture of Israeli and Western reality. “Fear of the future” was the most sever issue for which participants sought advice and help, followed by “School Problems,” “Relationships with friends,” “Family problems,” and “Fear of terror attacks.” While we found differences between Jewish and Arab youths on intentions and actual help seeking, some similarities appeared as well. Both Jewish and Arab youths preferred friends as a source for help, but both indicated higher intentions to seek professional help than they actually did. Results are interpreted by comparing the intensions and actual help seeking, and discussed in light of the tension between the Jewish and Arab communities in Israel and of the upbringing of youths in both sectors.

Internal displacement and informal household strategies: Case study in Ambon
Article Number: N098 | Issue: 302 | Pages: 0

Abstract: This article states that IDP’s in the conflict torn city of Ambon tried to guarantee their access to financial capital by getting involved in informal market activities. These activities brought women more on the foreground in the household. However, since these strategies did not lead to a fulfilling income, once the violence came to an end, women were reinstated in the roles they had before conflict.

International Volunteering — is it becoming too institutionalised?
Article Number: IV03 | Issue: | Pages: 0

Abstract: International development volunteering has undergone a revival in the last few years, yet with little critical attention to its place in the international aid system. Starting with the premise that most volunteers are well-meaning and sincere, this paper focuses on the institutionalisation of development volunteering under the auspices of OECD aid programs. It explores the size of institutional volunteering, volunteering development philosophy, the costs of volunteering and its social and political impacts. It asks whether volunteering has become another plank in the neoliberal approach to development.

International volunteers for development: pursuing capacity development and sustainability with solidarity
Article Number: IV02 | Issue: | Pages: 0

Abstract: This paper considers in an exploratory way how international volunteers for development might be defined. It also includes a brief history of international volunteer sending agencies and suggests the international volunteers’ role may be particularly relevant given queries about the effectiveness of conventional forms of development via technical assistance. It reflects on the international volunteers’ role and suitability as a contributor to capacity development and the transition to a globally more ecologically sustainable state.

Is It Possible to Plan a Self-sustainable City?
Article Number: B39 | Issue: | Pages: 24

Abstract: The present work is a revision of the literature which refers to the theme self-sustainable cities and aims at pointing out the contradictions between the theoretical approaches and the applicability which lies on these trains of thoughts. It concerns the concepts of self-sustainability and management of urban environment taking into account Brazilian conditions. It is directly based on bibliographical research. Received: Ferraz 5/31, Oliveira 6/2, Alleluia 6/2, Marques 6/3, Filho 6/6, Cadorin 6/6

Kuwaiti Bedouin Moslem Women Achieving Control Over Their Lives: Factors Supporting Empowerment
Article Number: N060 | Issue: 291 | Pages: 24

Abstract: Only a small number of Bedouin women in Kuwait have achieved professional and personal independence in a society with strong normative cultural prescriptions and proscriptions about women making independent decisions about their lives, about becoming educated, and about entering occupations traditionally reserved for men. The purpose of this research is to identify factors that contribute to a Bedouin woman’s success in moving beyond the patriarchal restrictions that prevent most Bedouin women from realizing personal, educational, and professional aspirations. The authors searched for commonalities and themes among these women that might empower other young Bedouin women seeking to transcend cultural prescriptions and proscriptions. Findings contribute to the social work literature on empowerment, particularly the empowerment of women. of these women? CONTRIBUTOR AGREEMENT: Julia 6/13, AlMaseb 10/11

Learning about the Experiences of Drug Problems in Three Irish Communities from 1996 to 2004 Employing a Community Participatory Research Approach
Article Number: B45 | Issue: | Pages: 23

Abstract: This article is based on research funded by the National Advisory Council on Drugs in Ireland. It focuses on the development of community participation research. The aim of the research project was to investigate the experiences of the communities in relation to drugs issues in 1996 and 2002. The research sought to explore and describe the experiences of three communities in the greater Dublin area.

Learning from Relief Work during the Marathwada Earthquake of 1993
Article Number: D1 | Issue: | Pages: 45

Abstract: In the context of the Marathwada earthquake of 1993, the paper explores the nature and extent of relief provided; problems in organising and delivering relief; adequacy, timing and appropriateness of the relief provided; co-ordination; the facilitating and constraining factors; affected people's participation in relief work; and attempts to suggest how best relief could be organised and administered. Revision request sent 3/13/06, due April 17-May 5. Rejected with request for substantial revision: 5-22-06.

Leisure and Local Development: a Study of Social Exclusion
Article Number: B10 | Issue: | Pages: 19

Abstract: The objective of this study was to demonstrate the disparity between the aspirations and the concrete conditions of leisure and recreation of a community in need, who live in Recife, Brazil. The lack of public policies for leisure in the community studied is very evident. This further aggravates the already extreme degree of exclusion of these families. 3268 words

Lessons for the "second responders": Analysis of hurricane Katrina as an environmental and social tragedy through social work values
Article Number: D5 | Issue: 301 | Pages: 0

Abstract: Hurricane Katrina as an environmental disaster ripped the veil of deceit and ignorance covering major social problems in the United States. Katrina has revealed to the whole world the picture of poverty, inequality, neglect, racism, and oppression. The social agenda of the ruling class became evident in the governmental response to the crisis. Social workers, as 'second responders', assist victims with concrete services and counseling. At the same time, the social work profession has a responsibility to understand the tragedy as emblematic of the profound problems afflicting American society. In this article, we argue that social work response to disasters must go beyond facilitating charity and providing victims with PTSD counseling. Using social work values as an ideological framework for critical education and political action this article examines the reaction by the United States government and the media as acts of oppression and obfuscation. Social work values also serve as a guide for a strong proactive response required of the social work profession. ABSTRACT ONLY. ContribAgreements: Moyo 10/18 Sent reminder 1/3/06 Sent last reminder 2/17/06.

Localization of Social Work Practice, Education and Research: A Content Analysis
Article Number: N070 | Issue: 292 | Pages: 29

Abstract: The localization of social work education, research and practice is an internationally recognized area of interest that enjoys support from a number of social work scholars and practitioners. This manuscript is the first to analyse the evolution of English language social work research on localization, over 25 year period. A 2004 analysis of Social Work abstracts (1997 to 2004), using key word search terms “aboriginal”, “indigen*”, “native” and “localiz” located English language 638 abstracts that clustered to 3 theme areas - education, research, and practice – and address 3 major issues of concern: social and health problems, cultural sensitivity, and colonization and its impact. The article identifies the major journals that are publishing indigenization research, countries of origin of first authors, and when articles were written. The amount of publishing has increased over each successive decade increments, but first authorship is overwhelmingly North American. The conclusion considers future avenues for the literature; these include giving greater voice to scholarship from the Global South, and providing avenues for knowledge transfer between the Global North and South.

Mainland Chinese Wives in Hong Kong: Passage of Discrimination and Oppression
Article Number: N092 | Issue: | Pages: 0

Abstract: This paper, based on in-depth interviews, examines the extent and nature of discrimination experienced by 33 mainland Chinese women in Hong Kong. The evidences suggested that mainland Chinese women, coming to join their Hong Kong husbands under the family re-union policy, experience various forms of discrimination at both institutional and individual levels. The findings also indicated that institutionalized discrimination, arising from certain government policies, has an adverse effect on job searches leading to un- and under-employment. Furthermore, Hong Kong citizens view these women as competitors in the current depressed labor market and perceived them as deleting valuable social resources. These perceptions have heightened discrimination at the individual level. These issues have filtered into their personal lives leading to unhappy and broken marriages, frustration, regret and depression. The women we interviewed have adopted various coping strategies to deal with this grind reality.

Mainstreaming HIV/AIDS at the University of Botswana: Progress, Lessons Learned and the Way Forward
Article Number: N118 | Issue: | Pages: 0

Abstract: No abstract in original

Manager Councils: Construction instrument of the new public sphere
Article Number: B32 | Issue: | Pages: 19

Abstract: During the construct process of the democracy in Brazil, one of the most important civil society conquests was the creation of institutional mechanisms with popular participation. The management councils is a part of the joint organizations created since the 90s with the aim to make feasible and give resources to the organized civil society performance at the public politics management.

Mandatory Savings for Asset Enhancement: The Case of Singapore
Article Number: C014 | Issue: 282 | Pages: 0

Abstract: This article analyses Singapore’s asset-enhancing policies to finance retirement. These policies have been pursued through reliance on the mandatory savings pillar administered by the Central Provident Fund (CPF). The analysis suggests that emphasizing physical assets such as housing, and the inappropriate design of a pre-retirement financial investment scheme has created distortions in the economy, limited policy flexibility, and has led to inadequate and inequitable retirement financing. The article suggests a shift to a multi-tier strategy to address the above shortcomings.

Mangrove in the production of space
Article Number: B50 | Issue: | Pages: 14

Abstract: This paper focuses on the Mangroves in the production of space because this ecosystem contains contradictions, conflicts and questions which need to be studied for sustainable and equitable development in the city. Considering environmental changes, deteriorating humans life and social issues involved, this natural resource needs to be re-evaluated, and a carefully set of policies defined. 2500 words.

Marginalization of Rural Women in China after Economic Reform: A Lifespan Perspective
Article Number: N089 | Issue: 302 | Pages: 34

Abstract: This article examines how marginalization occurs across the lifespan for China’s rural women as impacted by the economic reform after 1978. The authors argue that despite the economic growth that took place after the economic reforms, rural women in China, especially those in the interior or Western regions, have been further marginalized because of the rural disadvantage in distribution of wealth and state resources. Through an extensive review of literature, supplemented by fieldwork in two Western regions (Sichuan and Inner Mongolia) in China, the authors conducted a gender analysis to: (1) examine the vulnerabilities and barriers faced by rural women, in particular those in the Western regions, as a result of economic reform, and (2) analyze how poverty and marginalization intersect with existing social policies and cultural practices to affect rural women through their life trajectories.

Meeting Challenges of Child Protection through Family Support: A Case of New Zealand
Article Number: CP07 | Issue: 293 | Pages: 0

Abstract: In recent years increased pressure upon child protection statutory systems have resulted in practice becoming increasingly adversarial in nature and more risk averse. This article describes how child welfare systems have responded to children at risk, and the influences that impact on service delivery in the area of child care and protection. It conceptualises models across a continuum that are more or less family-centred, and discusses the way in which child welfare in New Zealand has strived to maintain practice that is responsive to families.

Microfinance, Women’s Savings, and Financial Security in a Honduran Barrio
Article Number: N078 | Issue: 291 | Pages: 29

Abstract: This paper explores the potential of microfinance to contribute to household development. Data suggest that required saving facilitates debt payment, mobilizes savings into financial institutions, encourages regular deposits, and provides non-economic effects. However, most members think about their savings only as an emergency fund and insurance mechanism for debt payment versus a resource to enhance household and business net worth.

Motivation to social inclusion through the local sanitary action
Article Number: B76 | Issue: | Pages: 25

Abstract: The Program of Family Health does health service through the families. It was known that a lot of diseases were not just generated by physical problems, but also for factors social conditions. Through the integral and continuous attention to the families and the community mobilization the program will reinforce the rights and better quality of life for Brazilian citizen.

Multiplicity of groups and bases of collective action: Perspectives from a village in India
Article Number: N017 | Issue: 272 | Pages: 19

Abstract: To effect collective action and to work in the interest of the collective good, it is necessary to understand the multiplicity of groups exist in a village and their interests and spheres of interaction. The paper tries to present a firsthand analysis of a case in Orissa in India.

Music therapy as pedagogical activity of professional musicians with children of limited opportunities
Article Number: N111 | Issue: | Pages: 0

Abstract: Music therapist is a well-established allied health profession. The main source of work consists of using music therapeutically to address behavioural, social, psychological, communicative, physical, sensory-motor, or cognitive functioning. The music therapy (as a trend of pedagogical activity) has started to be used in Russia over the last 15 year. The reason of it was that music therapy presents a powerful and non-threatening medium, unique outcomes are possible. It is very important for theory and practice to research pedagogical aspects through music therapy interventions. For individuals with wide diagnoses’ spectrum, music therapists provide unique pedagogical variety of music experiences in an intentional and developmentally appropriate manner. It could effect changes in behaviour and facilitate development of skills. Professional musicians working in music therapy sphere use variety of methods. The techniques and principles of creating development through music therapy activity describe possess a universality that carries across educational and rehabilitation divisions.

National States, Civil Society and Transnational Organizations: Defining and establishing responsibilities to implement child rights
Article Number: B41 | Issue: | Pages: 21

Abstract: The main purpose of this article is to improve the understanding of the definition and establishing of responsibilities among National States, Civil Society and Transnational Organizations concerning the implementation of child rights. These rights were established by the Convention on the Rights of Child, in 1989, and the Brazilian Statute for the Child and Adolescent in1990.

Neither Roses, Nor Thorns: The reality of the women's policy station in Iguacu Falls, Prana
Article Number: B29 | Issue: | Pages: 19

Abstract: This article reflects a well-known theme, daily broadcasted by means of communication, the radio, magazines, newspapers and television. Although it’s published, it’s still hidden by fear, prejudice and threat; domestic violence against women. Therefore, at first, several conceptions concerning the term violence will be considered, based on different authors. Starting from the category violence, violence against women will be dealt with, a question of gender, having tendency to domestic violence. And, to conclude this article, the presentation of the reality of the Woman’s Police Station in Iguaçu Falls, Paraná.

Network Capital and Organizational Capacity for Evacuation in Natural Disasters
Article Number: D3 | Issue: 301 | Pages: 25

Abstract: This study examines the relationship of social capital variables; including an organization’s diversity of links to other organizations, proximity to volunteers, and relationship-centered service delivery methods; to evacuation capacity in disasters. Distributive social justice for vulnerable populations is explored. A regression model is developed to explain organizational capacity for evacuation. Suggestions are offered to increase network capital and facilitate evacuation. ASKED FOR EXTENSION Sent reminder 1/3/06 New Draft Recvd: 2/16/06. Accept with revisions 5/22/06.

New sources of vulnerability and risk in post-socialist Russia
Article Number: N007 | Issue: 272 | Pages: 40

Abstract:

Obstacles to welfare-to-work transitions for Somali, Hmong, and Latino immigrants in the United States
Article Number: N023 | Issue: 272 | Pages: 30

Abstract:

Organ Donation and Black Americans: A Case of Reasonable Mistrust?
Article Number: N066 | Issue: | Pages: 18

Abstract: Although reports exist that indicate that black Americans do not donate organs at the same rate as do white Americans, little data have been reported on why this disparity may exist. The following project is a qualitative investigation ,using the modified analytic induction technique, to test the theory that black American are less likely to engage in organ donation due to reasonable e distrust of the medical system. A personal interview was developed and undertaken to begin to address this scarcity of scholarly evidence. Results indicate that black Americans do not believe that donated organs are equitable distributed. In addition, many black Americans expressed the concern that the quality of their medical care would deteriorate if they were registered as organ donors. These beliefs are discussed in relation to the historical and contemporary context of the distribution of health care services. PAPER SUBMISSION ONLY. REJECTED: NOT APPROPRIATE FOR JOURNAL.

Overview of and Reflections on Chinese Practice of Microcredit for Poverty Alleviation
Article Number: C004 | Issue: 273 | Pages: 0

Abstract: Microcredit programs have been an important approach to poverty alleviation in China since the 1980s and have made a profound impact on Chinese policies for poverty alleviation and development. This article outlines the development stages of Chinese poverty alleviation efforts through microcredit programs and classifies microcredit practice into five models. Some of the main challenges of these programs are discussed. The following proposals are offered: Microcredit programs should be non-profit; social policy and legislation should be innovative; non-profit organizations or social enterprises should be developed; and a sustainable model for microcredit should be explored.

Participatory Learning and Action (PLA) Model as a Tool for Community Empowerment: Improving and Valuing the Education of Girls in Ghana
Article Number: N058 | Issue: | Pages: 32

Abstract: While the Participatory Learning and Action (PLA) approach to community development has had several successes in developing countries, these have not been adequately documented and publicized. This article describes the use of PLA methodologies to enhance female enrollment and retention in schools in Ghana. The implications of incorporating PLA approach in social work education are highlighted. Author agreement: Pandey 4/26; Korang-Okrah 5/6

Perceived Personal and National Threats in Youth
Article Number: D6 | Issue: | Pages: 14

Abstract: Terrorism is a distressing event. We investigated the demographic variables’ role on the perception of personal and national threat and its effect on people. 313 residents of Palermo (Italy) were interviewed. We found that the fear of terrorism affects three areas: the cognitive, the emotional and the behavioural one, and that the age is the most important variable in behavioural changes. Keywords: terrorism, personal threat, national threat, disaster.

Perceptions of Effective Community Participation in Bangladesh Coastal Development Projects: Similarities and Differences between Functionaries and Local People
Article Number: M-53 | Issue: 2623 | Pages: 29

Abstract:

Physical Exercise and Aging: A total approach
Article Number: B30 | Issue: | Pages: 18

Abstract: Aging process has been becoming a worldwide phenomenon. However developing countries, particularly Brazil, have been surprised by a high aging rate which brings about a new picture regarding epidemiological profile. Demographic changes ask for new ways to address aged population, especially in health area, through a humanized approach supported by equity, justice and social inclusion to provide an intergenerational contact.

Planning for retirement in Hong Kong: An analysis of age, education and income differences
Article Number: M-49 | Issue: 2623 | Pages: 25

Abstract:

Policies for Promoting Job Income: Considerations about possibilities of social inclusion of unemployed
Article Number: B61 | Issue: | Pages: 16

Abstract: This text focuses on the reflection of programs for promoting job and income implemented by local government in articulation with the social policies against poverty, developed by the Brazilian federal government, in the 90’s. This incentivates the creation of groups of community production and labor co-operatives. These efforts have been considered by some as “innovating” ways of incorporating the great unemployed mass. Extended reviewer due date to 10/15/05 per request. 9/22/05

Post 9-11 Terror Hysteria: Social Work Practice and The US Patriot Act
Article Number: N075 | Issue: | Pages: 23

Abstract: It was only weeks after the planes crashed into the twin towers on that bright, sunlit morning of September 11th, 200l, that it became apparent that the most important challenge now facing American democracy was how well would we strike a balance between liberty and security. This paper will look at the history of civil liberties in light of threats to national security. It will examine components of the US Patriot Act, how these provisions are being applied and the potential implication of the act on social work education and practice. Suggestions of how social work might respond to these new realities will be discussed.

Post marital return to natal home to have the first birth: Does this socioculturla tradition disempower women? Evidence from Gweru (Zimbabwe)
Article Number: N035 (e-copy) | Issue: | Pages: 20

Abstract: Using a clinic based questionnaire survey among first union, post partum women and focus group discussion, the study analyses aspects of the tradition of post marital return to natal home to have the first birth that disempower women. 64.8% of mothers surveyed returned to natal homes to have first marital births. Duration of stay at natal homes was 5-6 months.

Postsecondary Education, Marital Status and Economic Well-being of Women with Children
Article Number: N074 | Issue: 291 | Pages: 33

Abstract: Education has always been a pathway out of poverty as well as a force for upward mobility for both men and women. Education, particularly postsecondary education, has become even more important for women with children, as an increasing number of these women raise children as single parents. This article examines how women’s education, marital status, and economic well being are related. Using hierarchical and logistic regression, we analyze a sample of 2,726 married, ever married, and single women with children from the 1993 Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID). Education, particularly a 4-year college degree, significantly improves the economic well being of women with children in all categories of marital status. Also, women with a higher education are more likely to be married. Future social policies should strengthen educational opportunities for women.

Poverty and Its Challenges in Brazilian Northeast Facing Globalization
Article Number: B47 | Issue: | Pages: 14

Abstract: In the context of Brazilian social inequalities, small municipalities at northeast must consider the question of poverty in their intervention. Despite the processes of macroeconomic adjustment internationally influenced, the local government must provide social policies, in a decentralized way to guarantee the survival of the citizens. The actions, however, are limited by traditional features, related to political conditions. 3900 words

Prehistoric Empires and Ethnic Groups: The case of the highlands of Piura, Northern Peru
Article Number: IFP01 | Issue: | Pages: 20

Abstract: In the 15th century the Inca State annexed the Andes and organized it into a series of territorial jurisdictions called provinces ("provincias") by Spanish chroniclers. Each province was managed from a capital - a planned urban centre imposed into the local settlement hierarchy by Inca power - where the institutional buildings were built and specialists performed administrative and ceremonial duties on behalf of the State. In this paper I analyzed the Inca provinces organized in the Highlands of Piura, Northern Peru, through a regional approach combining ethnohistoric documentation and archaeological evidence, to define the organization of the Inca provinces and the relationships between the ‘Guayacundo’ ethnic group and the Inca imperial rule.

Professional formation, gender representations of social assistance workers
Article Number: B1N046 | Issue: | Pages: 9

Abstract: Studying social representations through a gender perspective represents a significant tool to reveal (re)construction of personal paths and identities, as we acquire knowledge about social processes, including different experiences perceived by both male and female individuals, by analyzing specifically how was created and how reference systems presently used to demystify people and groups and to explain facts of everyday reality. 4000 words

Programme of Attendance to Children and to Adolescent Victims of Violence
Article Number: B23 | Issue: | Pages: 27

Abstract: Evaluation of the programme of Attendance and Notification of violence situations against children and adolescents developed by the Social Service Department of the Restauração Hospital/PE, relative to 2003. The work consists in identifying and notifying the protection and rights guaranty network, of the situations that involve the practice of violence, domestic or not, against children and adolescents from 0 to 18 years of age, who arrive at the hospital seeking medical attention.

Promoting Free and Fair Elections Through Conflict Management in Nigeria
Article Number: N093 | Issue: | Pages: 0

Abstract: The paper discusses the prevalence of political violence in Nigeria, which more often than not mar our resolution to achieve free and fair elections. Such violence manifests themselves through ethnic or communal conflicts. It also shows that instead for Nigerians to always condemn and point accusing fingers at each other, they should actively work to discover and undo it's cause by contributing to the search for permanent solutions to our political problem. After identifying some sources of conflict in the Nigerian contexts, policy options for managing such conflicts are offered to ensure a virile democratic order.

Promoting Social Development Through the Integration of the Central Provident Fund and Public Housing Schemes in Singapore: Issues and Challenges
Article Number: C015 | Issue: 282 | Pages: 0

Abstract: The failure of state welfarism in the West has led to institutional innovations to meet social needs in the East through selected integration of developmental objectives in different social sectors. The Central Provident Fund (CPF) and public housing schemes in Singapore are a case in point. This article demonstrates how it is possible to combine two otherwise high-cost social policies into one that demonstrates sustainability and responsibility in enhancing social development.

Providing Social Services to Mexico –USA Transmigrants: A Case Study of the Experiences of Social Service Providers
Article Number: TC02 | Issue: | Pages: 0

Abstract: A vulnerable population of transmigrants (migrants who go back and forth between borders) has emerged that can be distinguished from traditional migrants. This ‘hidden’ population is exposed to high antecedents to lack of well-being and marginalization. Social work’s emphasis on social justice then demands an understanding of this community to better prepare students and practitioners to provide for the specialized needs of this vulnerable population. This exploratory qualitative study then examines the experience of social service providers in providing for the social welfare needs of Mexico-USA transmigrants. Implications for social work practice and research are addressed.

Provision and Use of Social Services Among Bedouin-Arab Women in Israel
Article Number: N034 | Issue: 291 | Pages: 30

Abstract: This article uses interviews with 376 Bedouin-Arab women in the Negev region of Israel to discuss their social needs as well as their awareness and utilization of social services. The problems experienced by the Bedouin-Arabs reflect the challenges in adjusting to the process of modernization. Social services are only modestly responding to this need. Promoting women's education as well as the community's political, economic, and social empowerment may help professional services have greater relevance to, and use by, this minority indigenous people.

Push and Pull Factors: A Profile of Colombian Migration to the United States
Article Number: B58 | Issue: 283 | Pages: 19

Abstract: This article discusses the push and pull factors that have impacted the migration of Colombians to the United States. The emigration waves are presented in order to identify the patterns of migration. The article further describes the reception and settlement of Colombians in the United States and proposes how Human Services can meet their needs and increase their ability to become contributing members of society.

Re-ability Program in Community: Deficient people and their family's social promotion experience
Article Number: B26 | Issue: | Pages: 7

Abstract: This work presents an intervention’s strategy in a dimension of the deficient person’s universe: the social insertion via work’s market.

Realities in Rural Areas in Senegal:The need for a permanent dialogue between Peul herdsmen and Wolof farmers
Article Number: N085 | Issue: | Pages: 21

Abstract: In Senegal, Wolof farmers and Peul herdsmen have a very tense relationship, often leading to dreadful confrontations. Practicing extensive breeding, Peuls may let their cattle go through farms and graze, destroying farmers’ products. Dramatic consequences such as murders, torched villages and other crimes follow. Using a framework based on Systems and Exchange Theories, this phenomenon is analyzed to inform policy makers.

Re-Uniting Project Proponents and the Community: A Model for Coastal Development Projects
Article Number: N063 | Issue: 302 | Pages: 19

Abstract: This grounded theory study explores the values, views and opinions of coastal people and project proponents in relation to perceptions of what constitutes effective participation in coastal community development projects. The study concludes with a proposed facilitative model that emphasizes both the ‘process’ and the ‘context’ to realize community participation in development projects. The model illustrates that participation in coastal development projects is best viewed as a joint venture of the community and project proponents.

Revitalising civil society through social capital formation in faith-based organizations: reflections from Northern Ireland
Article Number: M-23 | Issue: 261 | Pages: 16

Abstract:

Rights of Children: An International Comparative Review of Child Protection Systems and Laws
Article Number: B81 | Issue: | Pages: 26

Abstract: The importance of child welfare systems and federal statues are instrumental in the care and protection of children to combat child maltreatment and neglect. This paper reviews current programs and laws in both the United States and Brazil that impact the status of vulnerable and at-risk children and adolescents. ContribAgree: Fairchild 7/11, Harr, 7/7, Padilha 7/18

Risk and Intensive Drugs Use at Teenage Social Activities and Amusements
Article Number: B62 | Issue: | Pages: 20

Abstract: Contemporary Social existence happened among the youngsters, answers that make possible the sensation of incapacity, impotence, low self-esteem, making them risking themselves more and more; testing themselves, looking for pleasure and meaning of existence.

Rural Inequities in The Face of Social Development: Implications for Social Work Education
Article Number: N103 | Issue: | Pages: 0

Abstract: This article examines the roles for social work educators around the world with the purpose to reduce and eradicate the inequities found between rural and urban populations. The authors present specific implications for social work academia including curriculum, research, and advocacy.

Savings for Development: Intended Uses and Savings in Individual Development Accounts
Article Number: C012 | Issue: 282 | Pages: 0

Abstract: This article examines how low-income people save for different development purposes in Individual Development Accounts (IDAs). IDAs are structured accounts that provide matches for savings used for developmental goals such as home purchase, microenterprise, or post-secondary education. Results indicate that, after controlling for participants and program factors, intended uses of IDAs are associated with savings outcomes. Furthermore, different saving goals moderate the effects of institutional factors on savings. Implications for using IDAs to promote the long-term development of low-income people are discussed. Possible potentials of IDA programs in China are also discussed.

Savings Performance Among Rural Households in Sub Saharan Africa: The Effect of Gender
Article Number: C017 | Issue: 282 | Pages: 0

Abstract:

School Attendance of Orphaned Children in Sub-Saharan Africa: The Role of Family Assets
Article Number: C016 | Issue: 282 | Pages: 0

Abstract: This study explores caretaking options for the increasing numbers of orphaned children in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Using data from the Uganda National Household Survey, and drawing on asset theory, the findings in this article point to several policy and program implications. Key among the implications is that policy and program interventions should involve providing orphaned children and their families with more than just “reactive” support services of aid. Policy should start moving toward empowering these families with asset-ownership opportunities. This may enable both family and community

Seeking Social Justice: Community Practice Among Diverse Populations
Article Number: N062 | Issue: 292 | Pages: 21

Abstract: The findings of a Social Science and Humanities Research Council of Canada funded study of social development practitioners serving four specific identity groups Aboriginal, Gay/Lesbian/Bisexua/lTransexual/Transgendered, immigrants and refugees, - suggests that these workers experience community work as a practice of social justice. These practices are examined and a framework to assist practitioners, educators and researchers to examine the complex field of social justice for marginal groups is proposed. Received: Lee 6/2; George 6/13; McGrath 6/29; Moffatt 8/15

Self Reliance and Sustainable Development; Self Reliance and Sustainable Development; Tagore’s Rural Reconstruction Experiment at Sriniketan; -A Case Study of Social Entrepreneurship
Article Number: N115 | Issue: | Pages: 0

Abstract: During the past two decades there is a growing shift in the development and delivery of social welfare or human services from public sector or governmental agencies to the voluntary sector or non-governmental organizations (NGO). This trend is resulting in rapid increase of NGOs both in the developed and developing countries. Provision of services through non-governmental auspices is not a new idea. Mahatma Gandhi and the Noble laureate Rabindranath Tagore advocated self- reliance and sustainability through rural and cottage industries. This paper presents a case study of how Tagore’s ideology is successfully operationalised in today’s rural West Bengal. Data from five villages who are part of the agency Amar Kutir Society for Rural Development (AKSRD) are analyzed to support the significant improvement in the quality of life of almost 500 rural families consisting of 2740 individuals. In addition to direct employment of 84 villagers, more than 700 craftsperson are provided an opportunity to supplement their income by producing handicrafts. The villagers are actively involved in the participatory style of management of AKSRD. Besides the development and coordination of cottage industry, this organization is also actively engaged in improvement of health, education, and social welfare programme by involving the people of village, then a part of the rural reconstruction programme. Gurudeva Rabindranath Tagore tried out innovative education and sustainable development long ago and its relevance to modern society could be tested once again as he believed that ‘rural organizations are the vehicles for rural development’. This society with a programme of Social Entrepreneurship establishes and upholds Tagore’s methods of working with the people. Rural Reconstruction through self-help, which is also in consonance with the ideals of Gandhi and his mission and vision for rural India. It needs people to be innovative in their endeavour for social development with a holistic approach.

Self-Personal reflection as a way of maturity development
Article Number: N110 | Issue: | Pages: 0

Abstract: Personal reflection is human ability which a person re-comprehends substance of his self-consciousness on problematic situation. Marked special cognitions for development personal reflection. Dialogue as an essential form of appropriation a personal reflection. I mark that another dialogical ‘self’ will not be able to appropriate ability of self-consciousness to a personal reflection if his interlocutor lacks this experience. On the basis of this approach I have created a program of existential training for teenagers. The result of this training is development of a personal reflection, authentic development of person.

Short-term Volunteering and International Development:Volunteering for Whom?
Article Number: IV01 | Issue: | Pages: 0

Abstract: This paper assesses the benefits and downfalls of short-term voluntary projects, using the first hand experiences of the author to highlight key areas of concern. As with the case study, many short-term development projects employ a user pays system, leading to development of volunteers taking precedence over host community development. Initiation, implementation, and overall focus of this project are critiqued within the context of the available literature on volunteering and development.

Social capital and minor irrigation projects in tamil nadu, india: The role of community organizing in common pool resource management
Article Number: N042 | Issue: 292 | Pages: 21

Abstract: Abstract: Common Pool Resource dilemmas have been a topic of interest in the development field for decades. This paper discusses the role of social capital in solving these dilemmas related to water irrigation management. The case presented here outlines the process community organizers use to form two types of social capital in a state in rural south India.

Social capital for social work: Towards a definition and conceptual framework
Article Number: N004 | Issue: 2623 | Pages: 32

Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to discuss and define the concept of social capital for social work, helping allowing social workers to understand and utilize the concept in practice, research, policy, and education. Elements of three specific spheres of social capital (bonding, bridging, and linking) are discussed as they relate to social work practice, policy, and research.

Social captial and the policies to fight rural poverty
Article Number: B9N060 | Issue: | Pages: 25

Abstract: The development programs have increasingly focused on the participation of the communities in its administration. The participation ideas, well known and supported by the social sciences, started to make sense, even though, through the utilitarian way, with the appearance of what is known today as social capital. The social capital would be a wealth originated from social relations, making certain objectives possible that would be unreachable without it.

Social development and the Puerto Rican experience
Article Number: M-44 | Issue: 261 | Pages: 22

Abstract:

Social Disaster as an Opportunity: The case of voluntary service development in the former Soviet Union
Article Number: M-47 | Issue: 261 | Pages: 21

Abstract:

Social Exclusion, Gendered Deprivation - Exploring the Impact of Involuntary Resettlement on Women's Health
Article Number: N106 | Issue: | Pages: 0

Abstract: Slum resettlement is associated with economic hardships, disruption of the social fabric, a feeling of uprootment, alienation and psychological trauma. Women living in slums experience the most intense changes in their everyday lives as a result of slum resettlement. In such a scenario, coping with health care needs poses a heavier burden on households. Women’s health needs in this scenario remain the most affected.

Social Exclusion: Conceptual Analysis and Interventions
Article Number: N077 | Issue: | Pages: 19

Abstract: Social exclusion is both a state of being and process of becoming having different sources working dynamically and jointly resulting into ruptures in social ties between people and community resulting to non-participation of individual in societal affairs. It has social, economic cultural, institutional, territorial and symbolic references. The problem of social exclusion can be tackled through a combination of participatory mode i.e. income maintenance, legislative action mode i.e. social protection and affirmative action and finally through conscious raising involving the process of conscientization which ultimately leads to empowerment of socially excluded people. No contributor's agreement: 3 requests. Sent rejection letter on 6/15/06.

Social Exclusion: Conceptual Analysis and Interventions
Article Number: N059 | Issue: | Pages: 20

Abstract: Social exclusion is both a state of being and process of becoming having different sources working dynamically and jointly resulting into ruptures in social ties between people and community resulting to non-participation of individual in societal affairs. It has social, economic cultural, institutional, territorial and symbolic references. The problem of social exclusion can be tackled through a combination of participatory mode i.e. income maintenance, legislative action mode i.e. social protection and affirmative action and finally through conscious raising involving the process of conscientization which ultimately leads to empowerment of socially excluded people.

Social Exclusions: Challenges for New Social Development
Article Number: N076 | Issue: | Pages: 12

Abstract: Social developmentalism is fraught with the fallacies of growth. In a world plagued by paroxysm of neuroses, fear, self-righteous contempt, violence and global inequalities, universal needs—survival, justice, and human dignity—call for new strategies for social transformation. It implies a fresh critique of social development, its theory, practice and politics. This paper seeks to deconstruct the kitsch of outdated constructs that sustain and perpetuate oppressive structures of social exclusions.

Social gaps and education for lifelong and job market in Mexico: What’s going, what’s needed
Article Number: B75 | Issue: | Pages: 24

Abstract: A national network of learning community telecenters is establishing in Mexico as the tool in providing quality education for all, especially for the 32.5 million adults affected for a very constrained work market. This paper analyzes such educational program, stating that the link between technology in education and development lacks support from empirical data.

Social justice, minorities and the fundamentalist threat
Article Number: N024 | Issue: | Pages: 32

Abstract: This paper looks at the growing problem of majority fundamentalism in India today, within a historical context. Taking an overview of how this issue has been addressed by activists, scholars and social work educators, the author has proposed certain alternatives that may be tried out by educators in addressing the problem, as part of civil society. One of the major problems being faced in India since the past decade has been the rise in the influence of fundamentalist forces and the segmentation of society along communal lines. Unlike skirmishes in past history the contemporary phase of communalism represents a resurgence of majority fundamentalism with fascist designs. The fast spreading tentacles of communalism and fundamentalist ideology trying to take a firm root, are a cause of concern to educators and professionals engaged in processes of social development and social change. In order to address the challenges they pose, it is imperative to trace the historical roots to this contemporary issue, analyse its likely implications on society and social processes today and develop intervention alternatives. This paper has drawn from a selective review of published papers/articles on the themes of communalism, secularism, minority issues in a multicultural society. Given the limitations of space and time it does not claim to be a comprehensive review. However, the selected writings may be deemed broadly representative of the concerns reflected in the 90’s (particularly in the period following the demolition of the Babri Masjid) by secular scholars and ‘activist’ professionals as well as academicians. The paper is divided into three parts. The first part traces the historical process-giving rise to the current situation of Hindutva fundamentalism. The second part analyses the implications of growing fundamentalism on multicultural society. The last part attempts to review the manner in which the issues of ethnicity and secularism have been raised by professional social workers/ social scientists, as reflected in workshop reports and articles in journals of some of the prominent schools of social work and few other journal/periodicals. In so doing I have tried to look for certain alternatives that could emerge for social work institutions playing a role in combating communalism. I would like to clarify at the outset that while communal conflicts have often been used to describe ethnic/caste/religious conflicts, in this paper the deliberate focus is on the conflict between the two prominent religious communities in India, Hindus and Muslims as, in the contemporary context, this holds the most serious threat to multiculturalism in India.

Social Policies and Democracy: Social working councils' strategic mediation
Article Number: B55 | Issue: | Pages: 21

Abstract: This article focus on the theme participative democracy through the policy and right Councils’ actions, considered to be important devices of democratization of the public policies, of consolidation of the public sphere and of the active citizenship. Thus, it is aimed at analyzing the potentialities and the limits of the Niteroi/RJ’s Social Working Municipal Council in relation to the achivement of these assumptions.

Social Policies and Solidarity: The reupdating of philanthrophy in the Brazilian society in current times
Article Number: B70 | Issue: | Pages: 18

Abstract: This paper talks about the redefinition of social policies, since 1990, in the Brazilian society, integrated to the neoliberal strategies to the capital crises, where we can see the transfer of state control attributions meeting the social needs to the market and solidarity. Philanthropy is reasserted as a solidary alternative to the detriment of the guarantee and consolidation of rights. New due date for Ragobur: 3/27/06.

Social Policy for Tomorrow: A Framework for Canada
Article Number: N095 | Issue: | Pages: 0

Abstract: Social Policy in Canada has undergone many changes in recent times. In spite of the dominance of pluralism in social policy today, alternate frameworks calling for a broader conceptualization of human well being are emerging. Among these, Midgley’s developmentalism seems to be a potential framework for Canadian Social Policy. This paper details the main features of Canadian Social Policy for tomorrow within this framework.

Social re-development following the Indian Ocean Tsunami: An international social work response through the FAST Project
Article Number: D7 | Issue: 301 | Pages: 18

Abstract: This paper examines recovery interventions after the Indian Ocean Tsunami in the light of internationally accepted recovery principles. These are further critiqued from a perspective of community development principles and a strengths perspective. The paper concludes with a description of one international social work initiative, supported by information technology, which aims to support locally-designed and driven recovery projects in a sustainable and equitable way.

Social Security Fund for Peasants Suffering Land Loss
Article Number: C006 | Issue: 273 | Pages: 0

Abstract: Peasants face new challenges like limited financial resources and job opportunities when their land is taken over as part of the urbanization process. Establishment of a social security policy for peasants suffering land loss has become an important priority. The article discusses two paradigms for designing such a policy: “Land for social security” and “land sustains social security.” The author believes that the latter is a more sustainable policy and endorses peasants’ rights to the land. Land compensation funds, development of reserved land, and stock policies for land can provide sustainable funding for social security.

Social Security Reform in Lula’s Government
Article Number: B65 | Issue: | Pages: 11

Abstract: In the reforms the Brazilian social welfare policies far from forming an ample and articulate mechanism of social protection, they end a contradictory unit: the affirmation of one seems to be denial of the order. The reforms of the Brazilian Social Welfare starting in the 90’s constituted themselfs in preconditions for the definition of place and profile of social assistance. 1861 words.

Social undevelopment in Iraq: War, sanctions and implications for international social work
Article Number: N030 | Issue: | Pages: 28

Abstract: Two wars, 13-years of sanctions, on-going U.S. occupation and emerging armed resistance in Iraq have resulted in immense suffering. This paper compares pre-and post- 1990 indicators and evaluates the Oil-For-Food-Program. Social development activists need to focus on democratizing the UN, expose the fabrications for wars and crimes against humanity, and strengthen international human rights and justice movements and institutions.

Social work practice to support survival strategies in sub-Saharan Africa
Article Number: N043 | Issue: | Pages: 31

Abstract: African authorities have consistently criticised the dominant Anglo-American casework model of social work. The high levels of absolute poverty, malnutrition and illiteracy across the sub-Saharan region require Africa social workers to develop new methods of intervention. Identifying, augmenting and enhancing the strengths of disadvantaged people lies at the core of all social work practice. However, these strengths expressed through the survival strategies of African households are fundamentally different from those deployed by people in developed countries. This paper adumbrates the range of coping strategies used by households confronted by conditions of chronic deprivation. It also considers both the beneficial and detrimental effects of these stratagems on individual family members. In the absence of a coherent African conceptualisation of social work the interventions used by non-governmental organisations in the sub-Saharan region are detailed. The paper explores whether collectively these approaches offer viable alternatives to orthodox social work methods.

Social Work, Rawlsian Social Justice, and Social Development
Article Number: N039 | Issue: 271 | Pages: 27

Abstract: This article examines how well Rawlsian justice serves social workers’ social justice concerns in relation to the meanings and grounds for justice, and what it can contribute to their understanding and practice of social development. It finds fundamental differences between social work and Rawls in both domains. It outlines how a social justice concept can help social workers bridge this rift.

Sources and Strategies for Prevention of Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children in Cambodia
Article Number: N090/CP05 | Issue: 293 | Pages: 21

Abstract: This article analyses the diverse social, economic and political factors that shape the proliferation of and response to the commercial sexual exploitation of children (CSEC) in Cambodia. Domestic and international legislation and program initiatives in response to CSEC are discussed. Drawing on social development principles, the authors propose prevention strategies for the Cambodian government and global community to address CSEC.

Strategic Planning and Social Development: Building Capacity in International Organizations
Article Number: B82 | Issue: | Pages: 21

Abstract: This article offers international NGOs a creative approach to social development through an understanding of the relevance and benefits of strategic planning for building capacity in non-governmental organizations. It provides a practical guide to the process and product of inclusive and effective strategic planning.

Suburban homelessness and women: The new crisis facing social welfarea
Article Number: M-55 | Issue: | Pages: 24

Abstract:

Survival Strategies of Street Children In Ghana: A Qualitative Study
Article Number: N038 | Issue: | Pages: 0

Abstract: An increasing number of children are working and sleeping in the streets of urban centers. These children are exposed to hunger, disease, and exploitation. They are at times viewed as deviants and often treated with harshness. Despite the difficult circumstances street children face each day, not all of them manifest antisocial behaviors or are mired in hopelessness. This study shows how the street children in Accra, Ghana, have effectively managed street life by adopting socially constructive strategies. This paper also presents intervention strategies that society can use to better help these children.

Thailand's Urban Slums and Government Poverty Alleviation: Challenges for the Poor
Article Number: N105 | Issue: | Pages: 0

Abstract: This article discusses both the findings of a piece of research on urban poverty in Thailand and reflects on the concept of self-reliance in Thai social policy. The findings focused on the ways in which Thai governments have attempted to deal with urban poverty as it has been manifested in urban slums since the lift-off of economic development. In responding to the situation of social need in Thailand the most quoted answer appears to be "self-reliance" as a culturally appropriate aim for the poor. The concept is in widespread use in Thailand by all stakeholders-from HM The King, through leading thinkers including Buddhist scholars, to the poorest in the slum communities. However the working definitions do not appear to agree and may in fact be in conflict. This paper discusses the implications of the differing uses of the word and concept of self-reliance.

The Articulation of the Social Category in the Contest of the Practices of the Professionals fo rhe Family Health Program (PSF)
Article Number: B13N064 | Issue: | Pages: 11

Abstract: This study analyses the articulation of the social category in the context of the practices of the professionals of the Family Health Program (PSF), in the city of Blumenau, from the discussion of the concepts of the process health/illness, of the health assistance models, of the policy of health and the social. 3554 words

The challenge of implementing millennium development goals (MDGs) in an environment of economic meltdown: Lessons from Zimbabwe’s HIV/AIDS Programme.
Article Number: N116 | Issue: | Pages: 0

Abstract: Zimbabwe has committed herself to implementing the millennium development goals adopted by the UN, including one relating to fighting the HIV/AIDS scourge. However, because Zimbabwe’s economy is in a free fall, the government has found achieving this goal a tall order. Zimbabwe thus provides a case example of challenges associated with implementing MDGs in an environment characterized by immense political and socioeconomic pressures.

The Child Labor Movement: The Case of Zimbabwe
Article Number: N009 | Issue: 272 | Pages: 27

Abstract:

The Chinese-characteristic Labor Redundancy Arisen from the Chinese-style Market Socialism: What a Story We Would Learn?
Article Number: N064 | Issue: | Pages: 19

Abstract: The severity of the ‘Xigang’ problem (laid-off state workers) have not been noted by the public until the late 1990s, during which successive waves of large-scale state labor retrenchments were happened. For not igniting the ‘political identity’ of those laid-off state workers, the Chinese state adapted the approach of neither total rejection nor complete reliance on the market mechanism to abate the over-staffing phenomenon of state owned enterprises (SOEs). Nevertheless the amount of Xiagang outnumbered the market absorptions. A social welfare system with the Western traits for dealing with this new phenomenon is acutely needed after all.

The Contribution of Government in Joint Development Strategy to the Empowerment of Community
Article Number: N067 | Issue: | Pages: 22

Abstract: As a response to the weaknesses of state-led economic growth strategy, community-participation-oriented joint development strategy has become a "new" and "alternative" tool to promote development in developing countries. Unlike studies that focus more on the role of non-governmental organizations (NGOs), this study argues that government, by playing new roles, is essential to the success of joint development strategies. SUBMISSION WITHDRAWN BY AUTHORS.

The Deficient Person's Social Emancipation via Work's Market
Article Number: B27 | Issue: | Pages: 5

Abstract: This work presents an intervention’s strategy in a dimension of the deficient person’s universe: the social insertion via work’s market.

The Fight Against the Present Tendency World Capital: The contribuition of the landless movement
Article Number: B59 | Issue: | Pages: 22

Abstract: Analysis of the landless movement (MST) contribution to the struggle against the world capital in the perspective of construction of an alternative of society that meets the equality interests of social life. It considers the performance of the movement in Brazil starting from the struggle by land reform and its articulation with international organizations in the constitution of the struggle internationalization.

The Flood of Krishna River and the Flood of Politics: Dynamics of rescue and relief operations in a village in India
Article Number: D9 | Issue: | Pages: 0

Abstract: This paper aims to discuss some experiences and observations of people who were affected by the Krishna river flood and/or involved in rescue and relief operations at a village. Drawing on data collected from secondary sources, informal interviews and observation, the paper looks at the nature and extent of the impact of the flood, involvement of communities, the government machinery and non-government organisations in rescue operations and relief services and experiences and perceptions of the village people. The analysis brings out difficulties and challenges faced while rescuing the flood affected people and delivering relief services, the role played by the communities informal welfares practices, interference of politics and politicisation of the whole process. Further analysis of these critical issues suggests that in such a situation it is unnecessary to politicise the process and have a political mileage out of it. It is important to correct discrepancies and inconsistencies in aid distribution so as to ensure that those who are left out, most affected and disadvantaged are helped. It is also important to continue a broad range of post-relief services to individuals, families and communities to bring their life to normalcy and to enhance their well being. Towards this, the paper makes some suggestions for future use.

The Humanitarian Base of Individualist-collectivist Orientation to Social welfare: Perceptions of Social Work Graduates in Three Chinese Societies
Article Number: M-52 | Issue: 2623 | Pages: 18

Abstract:

The Impact of Government Policy in England and Wales for children and Families at Risk of Social Exclusion: Possible relevance to countries of Medium Human Development
Article Number: B28 | Issue: | Pages: 32

Abstract: This paper reports on the impact of government policy in England and Wales for children at risk of social exclusion. It describes the concept of ‘social exclusion’, the aims of government policy, the successes and failures, the strategies used in bringing about change and the possible relevance to countries, such as Brazil of ‘Medium Human Development’.

The Importance of Listening to Children: A Qualitative Study on the Use of Parental Physical Punishment in Childhood in Australia
Article Number: CP03 | Issue: 293 | Pages: 0

Abstract: This article presents insights from a qualitative research, conducted in Victoria, Australia. Children and adults reflect on children’s status and vulnerability in contexts where physical punishment is sanctioned, and they propose changes. Children’s contributions to this research demonstrate their competence to consider issues that affect them, and the importance of including children’s voices in debates about parental physical punishment. Children’s insights, it is proposed, enlighten adults’ thinking.

The Next Great Human Adventure: A Community Wellness Approach to Social Policy
Article Number: N027 | Issue: 2623 | Pages: 31

Abstract: In this paper, we encourage discourse about both the limitations of the distributive, residualist social welfare paradigm that has shaped social policies and services in the past, and the potential of an alternative community wellness paradigm. Building on the theoretical perspectives of health promotion, population health, social epidemiology and social capital, we advocate for a fundamentally different and more expansive approach to social policy and social welfare; one that draws upon the concepts of community and wellness. We suggest that the community wellness paradigm, in which community and wellness are the primary social policy objectives, sets the stage for creative deliberation and understanding, genuine community, citizenship and civil society.

The problem of housing affordability and its economic and social effect in the city of Gweru, Zimbabwe
Article Number: N047 | Issue: | Pages: 25

Abstract: The paper examines Gweru City Council’s efforts to provide housing and analyses the housing affordability problem and its economic and social effect on Gweru in Zimbabwe. It investigates how far lodgers have enabled both the landlord and the lodger to access shelter in Gweru. The paper observes overcrowding and the factors constraining progress in the provision of housing in Gweru. The study reviews responses to the affordability crisis by Gweru City Council and adaptations by the low and middle-income home seekers. The paper finally suggests solutions to the housing affordability problem.

The professional police model and the formation of the policeman/woman in contemporary Brazilian society
Article Number: B43 | Issue: | Pages: 18

Abstract: Brazil has witnessed an increase in its rates of violent crimes, and the police have little effective to reduce the growth of this pattern. The police professionalism emerges as an important point to face the problem. This work pretends to analyze the professional police model presents in Police Academies and its consequences for the police practices in Brazilian society.

The rationalities of the without-land people movement
Article Number: N022 | Issue: | Pages: 17

Abstract: This article analyses both the rationalities lived by three generations of the Landless Workers’ Movement (MST) in the Retiro and Rancho Grande Settlements, in the municipality of Goiás, Goiás State, Brazil and the influence that Richard Rorty’s neo-pragmatism brings to this question, by making a re-reading of the narratives possible, with new reflective emphasis on the agrarian reform educational process.

The relation between poverty and education
Article Number: B19 | Issue: | Pages: 16

Abstract: This study analyses the conception that the authorities, religion authorities, educators and society have about people that lived in poor conditions; their children and adolescents. This children and adolescents are the results of the education they received. This study analyses a compensatory education; as a strategy to compensates people that lived in poverty, their “needs” and “deficiencies”. 2896 words Did not return edited manuscript.

The Relationship of Social and Economic Indicators to Well-Being: An International Comparison
Article Number: N072 | Issue: 292 | Pages: 22

Abstract: Political attacks on the value of the welfare state suggest that social needs can be met by market forces without heavy reliance on government spending. This study examines how social and economic indicators correlate with measures of well-being using an international sample of industrialized nations. The U.S. is compared to other nations on indicators significantly correlated with a country’s well-being.

The Social Participation in Building a New Ambiental Hegemony
Article Number: B72 | Issue: | Pages: 12

Abstract: This role suggests that the communities’ actuation in its fight for its rights for a better life condition influence the local practical power in the Beberibe Recife Pe. Community. It is considered that the popular participation can contribute through mobilization with new ethical patterns and it suggests the conduction of a new hegemony in the social-nature relation to guarantee an environment ecologically balanced. 2000 words. On hold by Vitoria Gehlen. Will edit and return.

The Survival of the Vulnerable Poor People in Brazilian Northeast
Article Number: B53 | Issue: | Pages: 12

Abstract: This study focuses on the survival of the most vulnerable people in this region, the semi-arid, with special emphasis on the rural universe, its means of social life, so as to verify how the producers have been surviving in such precarious environment. 2400 words

The Trade Union Movement and the Fight for Labor Health
Article Number: B12N063 | Issue: | Pages: 20

Abstract: This text presents a reflection on the Brazilian trade union fight specifically in Blumenau, with the aim of making improvements feasible as to the quality of life of workers. It traces the historical background of the trade union movement. It identifies the trade unions in Blumenau (SC – Brazil), takes a union sample of each hazard degree (1 to 4), always selecting the union with the largest number of associates. It concludes by analyzing union agreements made in the period between 1992 and 1998.

The Tsunami in India: A Social Work Response to the Tragedy
Article Number: D8 | Issue: 301 | Pages: 23

Abstract: This article explores the impact of the tsunami in India and describes CEDER3 (The Centre for Disaster Relief, Rehabilitation, and Reconstruction), a program initiated by the Madras School of Social Work, located in Chennai, Tamil Nadu, to assist the families of a small fishing village destroyed by the tsunami to rebuild their village and to reclaim their lives. Recvd Hawkins: 4/3/06

The University Extension as (in) Possibility of Social Development
Article Number: B73 | Issue: | Pages: 29

Abstract: This work expresses reflections concerning the university extension in Brazil and its contribution for social development, starting from the Sustainable Development in Bezerros Project, a proposition of interdisciplinary capacity extension in associativism/cooperativism, tourism and health and environment education in Bezerros-Pernambuco, developed by the Federal University of Pernambuco.

The Ways and Non-ways of Companies' Social Responsibility: In search of a sustainable development
Article Number: B34 | Issue: | Pages: 14

Abstract: This paper presents some theoretical basis of a research project on socially responsible management. In view of the present economic and social problems faced by the majority of the developing countries, some managers’ social responsibility awareness seems to be a new way out to the precarious social situation in which a great part of the dispossessed in worldwide countries live. 3968 words

The Welfare State in developing countries: Between the global and the local
Article Number: B71 | Issue: | Pages: 20

Abstract: The literature regarding the impact of the globalization on the Welfare State show a need to look at the Nation States of developed and developing countries to assess how they had deal with globalization. From a brief review of the literature about Welfare State and globalization, some recommendations for undeveloped countries, as well as for the social work profession are provided. NIEVES ROSA 6/29/05, CANALES 7/5/05

The World Social Forum: restoring utopia to construct another world
Article Number: B63 | Issue: | Pages: 23

Abstract: In this study, made through documents, participating observation and interviews, we analyze an innovatory political movement, the World Social Forum. In the presented results, we examine: the origins of this international movement, the organizations and participating social movements, its targets, principles and practices, the characteristics of the other world that is sated as possible to construct. Reviewer reminders: 11/28/05 and 12/15/05.

Thinking local in a globalizing world: Conceptualizing indigenisation
Article Number: M-51 | Issue: | Pages: 0

Abstract:

Tibetan Children's Village: A narrative study of a residential care program in a refugee population
Article Number: N061 | Issue: | Pages: 67

Abstract: This narrative study of the Tibetan Children’s Village aimed to address the need for increased awareness and understanding of the issues around residential care and to contribute to the development of international standards, which can be monitored and enforced, for the protection of children at risk. The research combined observation, interviews, and document analysis, using methods culturally sensitive to the target population. The interview questions were based on areas of concern identified by the international aid community. Interviewees were selected through snowball sampling, from the population of adult Tibetan refugees in exile and Indian community leaders in Dharamsala, India. The demographics reflect a balanced interviewee pool: 13 male/10 female; 11 former students/12 not former students; 1 Indian, 22 Tibetans; 12 who sent their own children to TCV/8 who have not/3 uncertain; 14 TCV employees/9 non-TCV employees. Each interview lasted approximately one hour. Themes and trends were identified after all interviews were completed. The research indicates that the TCV stands as an international model for successful residential care in refugee populations. The TCV offers a model of care which prevents abuse and neglect, maintains contact with the socio-cultural background, and adequately prepares the children for leaving the institution.

Ties that bind: Dakota commemorative march for remembering, mourning, and healing historical trauma
Article Number: N001 | Issue: | Pages: 18

Abstract: Report is participant observation on the commemoration of the 1862 forced march of Dakota peoples from Lower Sioux Agency to mass-hanging in Mankato and concentration camp in Fort Snelling, Minnesota. The planning, implementation, and aftermath of the commemoration revealed neo-gemeinschaft community development, using psychological and spiritual antidotes to colonialism.

Time: Fundamental Element of Workers' Rights
Article Number: B11N062 | Issue: | Pages: 18

Abstract: Contradictorily, when microelectronics made possible greater work productivity, instead of free time for the worker, it increased exploitation, in relative surplus-value as well as absolute. In Brazil, it brought about changes in workers’ rights, which increased the power of capital over time of labor.

Tobacco Control Policy in Recife/PE/Brazil - 04 Years of Administration
Article Number: B79 | Issue: | Pages: 24

Abstract: It presents the results of 04 years of establishing the Tobacco and Other Cancer Risk Factors Control Policy in the municipality of Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil. The integrality, intersectoriality, descentralization and interdisciplinary knowledge exchange in the health care demonstrated efficiency, as the results indicate the decreasing of the smoker prevalence and the beginning of the change in the epidemiologic profile. ContribAgree: Recvd 6/28/05

Toward democratic pluralism and sustainable development in the visegrad countries: An assessment of the role of environmental NGOs
Article Number: N025 | Issue: 271 | Pages: 19

Abstract: This article explores, in the context of a sustainable development framework, the development and roles of environmental non-governmental organizations in addressing environmental conservation, preservation, and degradation in the four Visegrad Countries -- Hungary, Poland, the Czech Republic, and Slovakia -- during the transition from communist to democratic forms of government.

Towards a Comprehensive Cross-National Conceptual Framework for Child Protection
Article Number: CP01 | Issue: 293 | Pages: 0

Abstract: This article reviews the current terms used for children in need of protection and identifies their limitations to cover the worldwide challenges. It deconstructs childhood vulnerability and proposes a comprehensive cross-national conceptual framework for children in need of protection. The article identifies linkages among vulnerability, neglect, abuse, and commercial exploitation of children as well as between impact in childhood and implications for their adult life. Implications are drawn for goals of child protection based on this framework.

Towards people centred development: Need for people’s participation in formulation of policy for primitive indigenous communities in India
Article Number: N021 | Issue: | Pages: 15

Abstract: This paper shows the general apathy of development of primitive indigenous communities in India primitive and discusses the findings of research studies which aimed at assessing the impact of tribal development programs on the Katkari primitive tribe in India. Based on few responses of the respondents which aimed at suggesting a special policy for the indigenous community, the researcher has come to the conclusion that the indigenous people themselves are the better policy makers and has advocated that instead of ‘centrally controlled bureaucratic approach which is "top-down" in nature, there is an urgent need to make people’s participation an essential part while formulating the policies of indigenous communities which should aim at people centered development and sustainable in nature

Towards social development policies for street-working children in Mexico: The case of child street workers in Monterrey, Nuevo Leon
Article Number: N040 | Issue: 281 | Pages: 30

Abstract: Children’s street work in Mexico is explored using data from a 2003 study on social capital and child street migration. Findings reveal that several community social capital and human capital variables were determinants of children’s street work. Recommendations are offered for a social development policy to address the factors that perpetuate the movement of children into the streets to work.

Trafficking in Women, Female Migration, and Identity
Article Number: B77 | Issue: 283 | Pages: 14

Abstract: This article critically analyses contemporary discourses on trafficking of human beings. It argues that anti-trafficking policies focused on combating transnational organized crime and prostitution reflects national identity considerations and gender stereotypes in society rather than the needs of the victims concerned. For the successful combat of human trafficking, a more gendered and human rights-centered approach is required.

Training and partnership development in childcare
Article Number: N099 | Issue: | Pages: 0

Abstract: The paper describes a partnership initiative between the social work department of a major urban university in South Africa’s economic heartland – Johannesburg – and a non-government organisation, the African Self-Help Association (ASHA) situated in a sprawling urban township – Soweto – so-named because it lies south-west of Johannesburg. ASHA is a major NGO with a long history of offering pre-school services. The purpose of the partnership was to help ASHA transform its preschool centres into 40 one-stop community centres serving over 10,000 people through a community leadership training programme. As it is one of many community development initiatives involving the input of social workers, an evaluation was undertaken to gauge the impact of the training programme on the trainees and their capacity for community empowerment.

Transferring space and expanding space: A study of quasi-governmental associations in current China
Article Number: N010 | Issue: | Pages: 17

Abstract: This paper analyzes the process of the acquisition of transferring space and the formation of expanding space of quasi-governmental associations (QGAs) in current China. The phrase of “periphery substitution” is invited to describe the situation and subsistence tactics of QGAs in government-association relations. Five conclusions come to the end of the article.

Understanding Political Opportunity and Farmers’ Power: A Study of the Successful Advocacy done by Pati Farmer Union in Indonesia
Article Number: N114 | Issue: | Pages: 0

Abstract: The emergences of farmer protests in Indonesia are signs of farmers’ resistance against new policies on agriculture sector. Pati Farmer Union is a good example because it has successfully pressured the local government for subsiding farmers. This paper specifically examines tensions between farmers’ power and political context on SPP’s actions for paddy price issue in 2004.

Understanding Volunteer Leaders of Microcredit. Self-help Groups in Karnataka, India
Article Number: N102 | Issue: | Pages: 0

Abstract: The literature suggests that microcredit self help groups (SHGs) are essential in social and economic development of people in rural and underdeveloped regions. However, little is known about the people who serve as volunteer leaders of these groups and are the link between the local participating residents and the sponsoring financial institutions. While most literature talks about this method as women-centered, the reality is that both disenfranchised men and women benefit from self-help micro-financing groups. Based on a sample of 146 such leaders of SHGs, in five regions in Karnataka State in south India, we assess the extent to which a set of background variables explain their income growth (change), willingness to continue membership in the SHG, their level of personal empowerment, and perception about the role of women in society. Surprisingly, neither gender nor any other variable explain variability in these variables. Certain implications for SHGs that follow from these results are proposed.

University and Sociability in the Crisis of the Capital
Article Number: B69 | Issue: | Pages: 18

Abstract: The facing of contemporary of the capital act on the institutions, , reconfiguring its pratices and relatios with the society. University thus acquire news atributes and butts in the context of services economy. Teaching, research and extension becomes, directly, sources of profit. Mercantilized and striped of its social functions, university takes part on the production of new sociability recquired by the capital.

Unmasking the Doctored Image of Foreign Aid: A Mirror Model
Article Number: B56 | Issue: 283 | Pages: 39

Abstract: Developing nations have received billions in foreign aid to assist social welfare development and poverty alleviation. Yet, even with significant financial assistance, many developing nations remain poverty-stricken. Largely, foreign aid cannot be measured and therefore its impact is masked. What cannot be measured is doctored. This article presents a model to assist in unmasking the doctored image of impact on social welfare development in developing countries because of foreign aid received from donor nations.

Violation against the rights of the family and community acquaintance: Beyond practice, significance and needs
Article Number: B16 | Issue: | Pages: 13

Abstract: In this study it was sought to analyze the meaning that parents or the responsible ones attribute on deeds done along with children and teenagers, which result on violation against the fundamental right to the familiar and community acquaintance. Its object eighteen familiar and community acquaintance law-breakers. Their law suits were presented to the entity called Conselho Tutelar de Chapecó – SC. 3100 words

Violence Against Children and Adolescents: A successful experience from prevention to care
Article Number: B25 | Issue: | Pages: 28

Abstract: Violence against children and adolescents is a public health problem. The present paper features a successful experience of prevention and assistance to children and adolescents that were victims of violence and were treated at the Professor Fernando Figueira Maternity and Children’s Institute (IMIP) by an inter-professional team, including a quantitative and qualitative analysis of the data obtained from the activities developed

Violence in the Elderly Population in Brazil: Issues for Prevention
Article Number: B68 | Issue: | Pages: 39

Abstract: One of the issues that are rarely investigated in the university as well as in the media is the violence against the elderly within their own family. This research has the goal to identify the types of violence suffered by the elderly in Brazil, risk factors, type of help sought, and consequences of abuse on their health and life style. CONTRIB AGREEMENTS: Grossi: 6/29, Moraes 6/30, Barrili 7/1, Bonilla 7/11 The manuscript translation was such that it could not be reviewed. Letter sent to authors asking for R/R by November 11, 2005.

Volunteer Participation in Cambodian Committees
Article Number: IV05 | Issue: | Pages: 0

Abstract: This paper develops an evaluation framework for determining the level of participation of volunteers who are meant to be involved in government decision making. Applying it in Cambodia shows that volunteers do not always have much influence. These findings are linked back to the development of the policy and Cambodia’s social and political history.

What Kind of Social Security For China? --A Review of China’s Social Security System
Article Number: C001 | Issue: 273 | Pages: 0

Abstract: This article reviews China’s social security system and the recent reforms of this system from a macro perspective. The traditional “broad” social security model should be replaced by a new “narrow” social security model. If social security programs, eligibility, and responsibilities are adjusted according to the “narrow” model, urban and rural areas can be integrated into a single social security system. Reforms of the traditional system could thus redress the long practice of preferential policies for the cities, and strive to reduce the disparities between urban and rural areas.

When ‘Corporate Citizens’ Second-class Ordinary Citizens: The Antinomies of Social Provisioning in Nigeria’s Oil and Gas Province
Article Number: IFP03 | Issue: | Pages: 0

Abstract: Probing the interface between corporate citizenship and social citizenship, this article discusses how corporate-aided social provisioning in Nigeria’s oil and gas province (the Niger Delta) impacts on social citizenship experience at the grassroots. It brings to focus what happens when business “replaces” the state as a driver of development. The ethnographic data used are those I obtained in three rural Niger Delta communities.

When Corporate Citizens Second-class Ordinary Citizens: The Antinomies of Social Provisioning in Nigeria’s Oil and Gas Province
Article Number: IFP03 | Issue: | Pages: 0

Abstract: Probing the interface between corporate citizenship and social citizenship, this article discusses how corporate-aided social provisioning in Nigeria’s oil and gas province (the Niger Delta) impacts on social citizenship experience at the grassroots. It brings to focus what happens when business “replaces” the state as a driver of development. The ethnographic data used are those I obtained in three rural Niger Delta communities.

Wither Childhood? Child Trafficking in India
Article Number: CP06 | Issue: 293 | Pages: 0

Abstract: Child trafficking in India is a highly visible reality. Children are on sale for sexual and labor exploitation, adoption, and organ harvesting. There is no comprehensive legislation encompassing all forms of exploitation. Interventions focus exclusively on sex trafficking, and give higher priority to rehabilitation compared to prevention. Innovative projects are at a nascent stage but hold hopes for the future.

Women and Depression in Rural South India: One response
Article Number: N086 | Issue: | Pages: 22

Abstract: A project undertaken in rural South India was a response to the issue of women and depression. Data collection on the experiences of women experiencing depression resulted in the development of several community-based strategies. Women’s participation in the strategies was a most noteworthy aspect of the project as this represented a significant transformation of women from marginalised positions to active citizens.

Women of Sierra Leone and the universal declaration of human rights
Article Number: N048 | Issue: | Pages: 17

Abstract: In this paper, the author seeks to show that the rights of individuals enshrined in the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights are cosmetic designs and far from reality when women’s well being and rights are encroached upon. The author will use the case of Sierra Leone to show how the rights of women have been curtailed over the years for the simple reason of their sex which is biological and their gender which is socially constructed (Lamin, in press). 4000 words

Women’s place in social work programs
Article Number: B66 | Issue: | Pages: 15

Abstract: The axle of this exposition is sexed and classed character of state’s intervening action in contemporary capitalist society materialized in social politics, among them social work. Women’s insertion in the ambit of sexist state practices is marked by this division of sexes and subjection. However, it can inflect patriarchal, sexist state. 2400 words

Women’s Work in the Formal and Informal Labor Sectors: An Exploration of Human Functioning Capabilities
Article Number: N091 | Issue: | Pages: 0

Abstract: This inquiry draws from qualitative interviews with nine low-income women, analyzing their experiences in both the formal and informal labor sectors. The capabilities theory as articulated by Nussbaum and Sen is vetted in the context of these low-income women’s work experiences.

Work-related stress and the social worker's perception of effectiveness in light of recent changes in social and economic policies in Israel
Article Number: N083 | Issue: 302 | Pages: 22

Abstract: Effectiveness in social work has been examined extensively in recent years. The aim of this study to examine the relationship between role-related stress (role ambiguity and role conflict) and the social workers’ perceptions of effectiveness in light of the recent changes in social and economic policies in Israel, and light of the crisis faced by welfare services in the country. The sample of participants comprised 149 social workers employed by social service departments in rural communities. The research findings indicate that most of the relationships between role ambiguity and role conflict with the various effectiveness measures (role effectiveness, empowerment and satisfaction) were negative. The findings also show that the relationships between role ambiguity and the perception of effectiveness measures are statistically higher than those between role conflict and perception of effectiveness. Furthermore, the findings highlight the need to enhance social workers’ awareness of processes in their work environment, and to provide them with relevant skills and knowledge to improve their performance and to increase the effectiveness of the services they provide to their clients. Makaros: email does not work